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Zool lab > Lab 3 > Flashcards

Lab 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Two orders of Agnathan fishes

A

Order Myxiniformes

Order Petromyzontiformes

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2
Q

Clades that exist within Chondrichthyes

A

Holocephali

Elasmobranchii

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3
Q

All fishes that are not Agnathan or Sarcopterygian are

A

Actinopterygian

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4
Q

Basal Ray-Finned Fishes Orders

A

Order Polypteriformes

Order Acipenseriformes

Order Lepisoteiformes

Order Amiiformes

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5
Q

Higher bony fishes (Division Teleostei)
order

A

Order Osteoglossiformes

Order Anguilliformes

Order Clupeiformes

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6
Q

Higher bony fishes (Division Teleostei)
orders of superorder Ostariophysi

A

Order Cyprinoformes

Order Charciformes

Order Siluriformes

Order Gymnotiformes

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7
Q

Higher bony fishes (Division Teleostei)
orders not part of the Ostariophysi

A

Order Esociformes

Order Salmoniformes

Order Percepisoformes

Gadiformes

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8
Q

Higher bony fishes (Spiny rayed fishes)

A

Order Gasterosteeiformes

Order Sygnathiformes

Order Scorpaeniformes

Order Perciformes

Order Pleuonectiformes

Order Tetraodontiformes

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9
Q

Lobe finned Sarcoptyergians

A

Actinistia

Dipnoi

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10
Q

Order Myxiniformes (Hagfishes)

A

Scaleless

Eel shaped

No jaws or paired fins

Exclusively marine (salt water)

Produce slime to make them difficult to hold onto

No jaws

Long-slender body

Sensory barbels

Small eyes covered with skin

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11
Q

Order Petromyzontiformes

Lampreys

A

Mostly Anadromous (spawn in freshwater but move to salt water)

Larvae are filter feeders

Adults are parasitic blood feeders

No jaws

No paired fins

Large eyes

Disc shaped sucking mouth keratinized tooth-like structures

Scaleless

Eel shaped

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12
Q

Helocphali

Chimaeras

A

Marine

No scales

Whip-like tails

Wing-like pectoral fins

Gill slits covered

Extensive lateral line system includes several branches on the head region

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13
Q

Elasmobranchii

Sharks and Rays

A

Almost always marine

Most have dermal scales

Small sharks have heterocercal tails and elongate bodies

Rays are flat with broad wing-like pectoral fins

Visible gill slits not covered

ampullae of Lorenzini near the mouth

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14
Q

Two major evolutionary trends of Actinopterygii

A

Jaw protrusion

Pelvic fins move farther forward

Pectoral fins move upward

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15
Q

Order Polypteriformes

Bichirs

A

Functional lungs

Long, snake-like body

Multiple dorsal “finlets”

Obvious diamond-shaped ganoid scales

2 barbels along upper margin of the mouth

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16
Q

Order Acipenseriformes

Sturgeons and Paddlefishes

A

Largely cartilaginous skeletons

Reduced scales

Heterocercal tails

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17
Q

Sturgeons

A

Large modified scales in 5 distinct rows

Enlarged flattened/pointed rostrum (snout)

18
Q

Paddelfish

A

Nearly scaleless body

Paddle-shaped rostrum with electroreceptors

19
Q

Order Lepisoteiformes

Gars

A

Elongate body

Freshwater predators

Heavily armored with large overlapping ganoid scales

Long snout

20
Q

Order Amiiformes

Bowfin

A

Long cylindrical body

Rounded head

Large terminal mouth

Conspicuous gular plate

Diphycercal tail

21
Q

Order Osteoglossiformes

Bonytongues

A

Numerous teeth on the tongue

Large deep-bodied fish

Ventral keel

Silvery scales

Large anal fin and dorsal fin towards the rear

Large eyes placed just behind/above the mouth

22
Q

Order Anguilliformes

Eels

A

Catadromous (spawning in marine environments and moving to freshwater rivers/lakes)

Long bodies

Reduced scales

Dorsal and anal fin continuous with caudal fin

23
Q

Order Clupeiformes

Herrings and Anchovy

A

Fusiform or terete body shape

Silvery color

Scales not obvious except along the keeled ventral edge near the pelvic fin base

Lateral line absent

Large eyes

24
Q

Two major adaptations found in the Superorder Ostariophysi

A

Weberian apparatus

Schrekstoff

25
Q

Order Cypriniformes

Minnows Carps and Suckers

A

Usually found in freshwater

Fusiform body shape

Scales visible

Single dorsal fin

Mouths often slightly inferior (quillback) to inferior (suckers)

Homocercal tail

26
Q

Order Characiformes

Piranhas and Tetras

A

Laterally compressed body

Adipose fin

Homocercal tail

Well developed teeth

27
Q

Order Siluiformes

A

Sensory barbels around the mouth

Scaleless or armored with plates/spines

Pectoral and dorsal fins with anterior spines

28
Q

Order Gymnotiformes

Knifefishes

A

Distinct knife-like body

Capable of electrogenesis and/or electroreception

Long, laterally compressed body form

No dorsal or pelvic fins

Elongate anal fin

29
Q

Order Esociformes

Pikes and Mudminnows

A

Lack adipose fin

Dorsal and anal fin placed posteriorly

Homocercal tail

Somewhat flattened snout

30
Q

Order Salmoniformes

Salmon, Trout and Whitefish

A

Anadromous

31
Q

Order Percopsiformes

Trout-perches

A

Freshwater

Small bodied

Larger anterior dorsal fin and small adipose fin

Homocercal tail

32
Q

Gadiformes

Cods

A

Marine

Two dorsal fins (anterior small- posterior long)

Elongate body

Long anal fin

33
Q

Order Gasterosteiformes

Sicklebacks

A

Isolated spines on back

Small mouth

Narrow caudal peduncle (part of the body just anterior to the tail)

34
Q

Order Sygnathiformes

Seahorses and Pipefishes

A

Easily recognized due to elongate body

Tube-like snouts

Bony plates surrounding body

35
Q

Order Scorpaeniformes

Sculpins

A

Fresh and saltwater

Many spines projecting from the dorsal and pectoral fins

Prominent opercular spine

Large rounded pectoral fins

Large head with body tapering posteriorly

36
Q

Order Perciformes

Perch-like fishes

A

Two dorsal fins

Largest of all vertebrate orders

No adipose fin

Spines present in dorsal anal and pelvic fins

Pectoral fins on side of body

Pelvic fins placed anteriorly

37
Q

Order Pleuronectiformes

Flatfish

A

Lack bilateral symmetry with both eyes residing on one side of the head

Body is laterally compressed but slightly rounded on the eyed side and more flat on the blind side

Long dorsal and anal fin bases

Mouth terminal

38
Q

Order Tetradontiformes

Puffers Boxfishes and Triggerfishes

A

Compact rounded or box shaped body

Numerous spines or plates

39
Q

Actinistia

A

Coelacanths

40
Q

Dipnoi

Lungfishes

A

Sister group to all tetrapods

Have functional lungs

Elongate eel-like body

Ribbon like lobed fins

Diphycercal caudal fin continuous with dorsal and anal fins

41
Q
A

Zool lab (8 decks)

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