Lab 3 Flashcards by Rasul Taghizada

Two orders of Agnathan fishes

Order Myxiniformes

Order Petromyzontiformes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Clades that exist within Chondrichthyes

Holocephali

Elasmobranchii

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

All fishes that are not Agnathan or Sarcopterygian are

Actinopterygian

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Basal Ray-Finned Fishes Orders

Order Polypteriformes

Order Acipenseriformes

Order Lepisoteiformes

Order Amiiformes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Higher bony fishes (Division Teleostei)
order

Order Osteoglossiformes

Order Anguilliformes

Order Clupeiformes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Higher bony fishes (Division Teleostei)
orders of superorder Ostariophysi

Order Cyprinoformes

Order Charciformes

Order Siluriformes

Order Gymnotiformes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Higher bony fishes (Division Teleostei)
orders not part of the Ostariophysi

Order Esociformes

Order Salmoniformes

Order Percepisoformes

Gadiformes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Higher bony fishes (Spiny rayed fishes)

Order Gasterosteeiformes

Order Sygnathiformes

Order Scorpaeniformes

Order Perciformes

Order Pleuonectiformes

Order Tetraodontiformes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lobe finned Sarcoptyergians

Actinistia

Dipnoi

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Order Myxiniformes (Hagfishes)

Scaleless

Eel shaped

No jaws or paired fins

Exclusively marine (salt water)

Produce slime to make them difficult to hold onto

No jaws

Long-slender body

Sensory barbels

Small eyes covered with skin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Order Petromyzontiformes

Lampreys

Mostly Anadromous (spawn in freshwater but move to salt water)

Larvae are filter feeders

Adults are parasitic blood feeders

No jaws

No paired fins

Large eyes

Disc shaped sucking mouth keratinized tooth-like structures

Scaleless

Eel shaped

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Helocphali

Chimaeras

Marine

No scales

Whip-like tails

Wing-like pectoral fins

Gill slits covered

Extensive lateral line system includes several branches on the head region

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Elasmobranchii

Sharks and Rays

Almost always marine

Most have dermal scales

Small sharks have heterocercal tails and elongate bodies

Rays are flat with broad wing-like pectoral fins

Visible gill slits not covered

ampullae of Lorenzini near the mouth

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Two major evolutionary trends of Actinopterygii

Jaw protrusion

Pelvic fins move farther forward

Pectoral fins move upward

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Order Polypteriformes

Bichirs

Functional lungs

Long, snake-like body

Multiple dorsal “finlets”

Obvious diamond-shaped ganoid scales

2 barbels along upper margin of the mouth

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Order Acipenseriformes

Sturgeons and Paddlefishes

Largely cartilaginous skeletons

Reduced scales

Heterocercal tails

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Sturgeons

Large modified scales in 5 distinct rows

Enlarged flattened/pointed rostrum (snout)

Paddelfish

Nearly scaleless body

Paddle-shaped rostrum with electroreceptors

Order Lepisoteiformes

Gars

Elongate body

Freshwater predators

Heavily armored with large overlapping ganoid scales

Long snout

Order Amiiformes

Bowfin

Long cylindrical body

Rounded head

Large terminal mouth

Conspicuous gular plate

Diphycercal tail

Order Osteoglossiformes

Bonytongues

Numerous teeth on the tongue

Large deep-bodied fish

Ventral keel

Silvery scales

Large anal fin and dorsal fin towards the rear

Large eyes placed just behind/above the mouth

Order Anguilliformes

Eels

Catadromous (spawning in marine environments and moving to freshwater rivers/lakes)

Long bodies

Reduced scales

Dorsal and anal fin continuous with caudal fin

Order Clupeiformes

Herrings and Anchovy

Fusiform or terete body shape

Silvery color

Scales not obvious except along the keeled ventral edge near the pelvic fin base

Lateral line absent

Large eyes

Two major adaptations found in the Superorder Ostariophysi

Weberian apparatus

Schrekstoff

Order Cypriniformes Minnows Carps and Suckers

Usually found in freshwater Fusiform body shape Scales visible Single dorsal fin Mouths often slightly inferior (quillback) to inferior (suckers) Homocercal tail

Order Characiformes Piranhas and Tetras

Laterally compressed body Adipose fin Homocercal tail Well developed teeth

Order Siluiformes

Sensory barbels around the mouth Scaleless or armored with plates/spines Pectoral and dorsal fins with anterior spines

Order Gymnotiformes Knifefishes

Distinct knife-like body Capable of electrogenesis and/or electroreception Long, laterally compressed body form No dorsal or pelvic fins Elongate anal fin

Order Esociformes Pikes and Mudminnows

Lack adipose fin Dorsal and anal fin placed posteriorly Homocercal tail Somewhat flattened snout

Order Salmoniformes Salmon, Trout and Whitefish

Anadromous

Order Percopsiformes Trout-perches

Freshwater Small bodied Larger anterior dorsal fin and small adipose fin Homocercal tail

Gadiformes Cods

Marine Two dorsal fins (anterior small- posterior long) Elongate body Long anal fin

Order Gasterosteiformes Sicklebacks

Isolated spines on back Small mouth Narrow caudal peduncle (part of the body just anterior to the tail)

Order Sygnathiformes Seahorses and Pipefishes

Easily recognized due to elongate body Tube-like snouts Bony plates surrounding body

Order Scorpaeniformes Sculpins

Fresh and saltwater Many spines projecting from the dorsal and pectoral fins Prominent opercular spine Large rounded pectoral fins Large head with body tapering posteriorly

Order Perciformes Perch-like fishes

Two dorsal fins Largest of all vertebrate orders No adipose fin Spines present in dorsal anal and pelvic fins Pectoral fins on side of body Pelvic fins placed anteriorly

Order Pleuronectiformes Flatfish

Lack bilateral symmetry with both eyes residing on one side of the head Body is laterally compressed but slightly rounded on the eyed side and more flat on the blind side Long dorsal and anal fin bases Mouth terminal

Order Tetradontiformes Puffers Boxfishes and Triggerfishes

Compact rounded or box shaped body Numerous spines or plates

Actinistia

Coelacanths

Dipnoi Lungfishes

Sister group to all tetrapods Have functional lungs Elongate eel-like body Ribbon like lobed fins Diphycercal caudal fin continuous with dorsal and anal fins