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Zool lab > Lab 7 > Flashcards

Lab 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Bird Orders are grouped into two clades

A

Paleognathae

Neognathae

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2
Q

Paleognathae orders

A

Order Apterygiformes

Order Casuariformes

Order Rheiformes

Order Struthioniformes

All other birds are Neognathae

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3
Q

Order Apterygiformes

Kiwis

A

Long thin bill

Very small

Stout legs with three toes forward

Filamentous feathers

No wings

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4
Q

Order Casuariformes

Cassowaries and the Emu

A

Long neck

Stout, slightly flattened bill

Strong legs with three toes forward with strong claws

Greatly reduced wings

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5
Q

Order Rheiformes

Rheas

A

Smaller than Emu

Long neck

Stout, slightly flattened bill

Strong legs with three toes forward and strong claws

Reduced wings

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6
Q

Order Struthioniformes

Ostriches

A

Largest of living ratites

Long neck

Stout, slightly flattened bill

Strong legs with only two toes (one much larger) and one claw

Reduced wings

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7
Q

Order Galliformes

Fowl-ground dwelling birds

A

Heavy bodied and weak fliers

Three toes forward

Feet not webbed

Toes with fringe of projection for increased traction

Generalized bill (think chicken)

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8
Q

Order Anseriformes

Ducks, Geese, Swans and Mergansers

A

All adapted to aquatic lifestyle with webbed feet

Three toes webbed, one toe back

Flattened bill with lamellae

Countershading

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9
Q

Order Caprimulgiformes

Nighthawks and Frogmouths

A

Stout body with no neck

Cryptic coloration

Wide triangular mouth with bristles

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10
Q

Order Apodiformes

Hummingbirds and Swifts

A

Short legs with small feet

Long thin bill

Often very small

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11
Q

Order Columbiformes

Doves and Pigeons

A

Known by common names

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12
Q

Order Gruiformes

Cranes Coots and Rails

A

Long neck

Long legs

Three toes forward one toe back

No webbing

Crane has reduced feathers on forehead

Rails and coots with upper bill extending backward onto forehead

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13
Q

Order Phoenicopteriformes

Flamingos

A

Plumage often pink

Long neck

Long legs

Three toes forward and webbed

One hind toe small

Distinct angle of bill

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14
Q

Order Prodicipediformes

Grebes

A

Short to long neck

Dagger shaped bill for spearing fish

Distinctive feet with single lobe of skin on each toe

Many with crested head

Countershading

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15
Q

Order Charadriiformes

Gulls Terns Sandpipers Plovers Avocets etc.

A

Sandpipers have long legs

Long bills (often curved)

Mostly cryptically colored

Countershading

High aspect ratio wings

Three toes forward and webbed

Plovers feet only partially webbed and have bulbous tip to bill

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16
Q

Order Gaviiformes

Loons

A

Large webbed feet placed far back on the body

Spear shaped bill

Counter shading with distinctive black/white plumage above

17
Q

Order Sphenisciformes

Penguins

A

Flightless bird

Feathers small and smooth

Wings modified as flippers

Webbed feet

Countershading

Stout-bodied

18
Q

Order Procellariiformes

Albatrosses and Petrels

A

Dynamic soarers

Tube-like nostril opening on upper bill

Bills made of several distinct plates with deep grooves and a hook at the tip

19
Q

Order Suliformes

Cormorants Boobies Gannets and Frigate birds

A

Strong divers/swimmers

Feet with four toes webbed

Bill with hook at tip

Cormorants typically all black

Small gular (throat) pouch

20
Q

Order Ciconiiformes Herons Storks and Ibises

A

Long legs

Long necks

Herons with spearing bill

Head often with crest of feathers

Very plumose breast

21
Q

Order Pelecaniformes

Pelicans

A

Long neck

Large head and bill

Bill with hook on tip

Large gular pouch

All four toes webbed

22
Q

Order Acciptriformes

Hawks, Eagles and Vultures

A

Static soaring from broad wings

Carnivorous bill with strong hook at tip

Large powerful feet with talons

23
Q

Order Strigiformes

Owls

A

Small to large nocturnal predatory birds

Acute sense of hearing with asymmetric placement of auditory openings on the skull and feathers of the face forming a facial disc to capture sound

Large eyes

Carnivorous bill

Taloned feet

Zygodactyl feet (two toes forward, two back)

24
Q

Order Coraciiformes

Kingfishers

A

Large dagger-shaped bill

Head with crest

Food with syndactyly (two of three forward facing toes partially fused0

Stiff rectrices on tail

25
Q

Order Piciformes

Woodpeckers and Toucans

A

Strong chisel-shaped bills

Stiff pointed rectrices support body against trunk

Many with zygodactyl feet

Most with red crest

26
Q

Order Falconiformes

Falcons

A

Carnivorous bill with prominent tomial tooth (Downward projection of the upper bill behind the anterior hook)

Raptorial feet with sharp claws

Many falcons have a bar of color below the eye and behind the bill sometimes called a moustache or sideburns

27
Q

Order Psittaciformes

Parrots

A

Stout bill with hook and tomial tooth

Often brightly colored

Zygodactyl feet

28
Q

Order Passeriformes

Perching Birds

A

Small birds

Wide variety of bill types dependent on food source

Wings elliptical

Feet with three toes forward and one back

29
Q

Family Corvidae species

A

Pica hudsonia

Corvus brachyrhynchos

Corvus corax

Cyanocitta cristata

Perisoreus canadensis

30
Q

Pica Hudsonia

Black billed Magpie

A

Contrasting black and white (pied) plumage

Long rectrices

Structural coloration gives black feathers blue and green iridescence

31
Q

Corvus brachyrhynchos

American Crow

A

Large entirely black bird

Bristles cover base of upper bill

Tail blunt in flight

Throat feathers smooth

32
Q

Corvus corax

Common Raven

A

Very large black bird

Bristles on upper bill longer than crow

Tail slightly pointed in flight

Shaggy throat feathers

33
Q

Cyanocitta cristata

Blue jay

A

Blue above white below

Blue crest on head

Black necklace

White and black bars on wings and tail

34
Q

Perisoreus canadensis

Gray jay

A

Dark gray above light gray below

White cheek, throat and forehead

National bird of Canada

Zool lab (8 decks)

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