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Zool lab > Lab 5 > Flashcards

Lab 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Lissamphibia

A

Clade that includes all amphibians

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2
Q

Three extant orders of Lissamphibia

A

Order Gymnophiona

Order Caudata

Order Anura

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3
Q

Paedomorphosis

A

Having larval characteristics in sexually mature individuals

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4
Q

Order Gymnophiona

Caecilians

A

Unique in complete lack of limbs

Reduced or absent eyes

Conspicuous annuli (rings) encircling the body over its entire length that give them a worm-like appearance

Smooth skein

Elongate body

No neck

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5
Q

Who displays Pedomorphosis

A

Salamanders

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6
Q

Neoteny

A

The retention of one or more larval traits in an adult

Involves slowing down or halting development of the traits involved

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7
Q

Progenesis

A

Full development of sexual organs in otherwise juvenile stage

Speeding up of reproductive development

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8
Q

Larval feature to look like

A

External gills

Prominent dorsal fin fold confluent with tail

Laterally compressed tail with fin

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9
Q

5 extant families of Order Caudata

A

Family Cryptobranchidae

Family Sirenidae

Family Ambystomatidae

Family Proteidae

Family Amphiumidae

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10
Q

Family Crptobranchidae

Giant salamanders

A

Largest living amphibians

Fully aquatic and retain a compressed tail and fin

Large dorso-ventrally flattened body

Prominent skin folds along sides of body for respiration

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11
Q

Family Sirenidae

Sirens

A

Elongate salamanders which retain external gills

No hind limbs and pelvic girdle

Elongate eel-like body

External gills

Small front limbs

Laterally compressed tail with fin

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12
Q

Family Ambystomitidae

Mole Salamanders

A

Highly terrestrial when fully metamorphosed

Stout bodied

Robust limbs

blunt head

blotchy pattern

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13
Q

Family Proteidae

Mudpuppies

A

External gills

Fully aquatic

Compressed tails with fins

Medium to large dorso-ventrally flattened body

Some skin folding

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14
Q

Family Amphiumidae

Amphiumas

A

Fully aquatic eel-like salamanders

Long body with compressed tail and fin

No external gills

Fore and hind limbs present but greatly reduced

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15
Q

Order Anura families

A

Family Pipidae

Family Scaphiopodidae

Family Hylidae

Family Dendrodatidae

Family Ranidae

Family Bufonidae

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16
Q

Family Pipidae

Clawed frogs

A

Fully aquatic

Dorso-ventrally flattened with large powerful hindlimbs and webbed feet

Claws on hind feet

Flattened body

Dorsally directed eyes

Small forelimb/large hindlimb

Webbed toes

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17
Q

Family Scaphiopodidae

Spadefoot toads

A

Skin is warty but smooth

Vertically oriented pupil

Crescent shaped claws on hindfeet

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18
Q

Family Hylidae

Tree frogs

A

Slender body

Relatively long body and limbs

Feet barely webbed

No distinct dorsolateral ridge

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19
Q

Family Dendrobatidae

Poison dart frogs

A

Bright colors

Upright posture

Toe pads

No dorsolateral ridge

Potent toxins on skin

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20
Q

Family Ranidae species

A

Rana luteiventris

Rana pipiens

Rana sylvatica

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21
Q

Rana luteiventris

Columbia spotted frog

A

Prominent dorsolateral ridge

White stripe from snout to forelimb

Dark spots on top of body with small white dots in their centres

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22
Q

Rana pipiens

Northern leopard frog

A

Large body with dorsolateral ridge

Numerous dark oval or round blotches with white rings around the margins

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23
Q

Rana sylvatica

Wood frog

A

Prominent dorsolateral ridge

Dark mask around eyes from snout to forelimb

Capable of freezing solid

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24
Q

Species of Family Bufonidae

A

Bufo boreas

Bufo hemiophrys

Bufo cognatus

25
Q

Bufo boreas

Western toad

A

Warty skin

Prominent parotoid gland

No ridges visible on the head between the eyes

26
Q

Bufo hemiophrys

Canadian toad

A

Warty skin

Prominent parotoid gland

Prominent ridges on center of head between eyes

27
Q

Bufo cognatus

Great plains toad

A

Warty skin

Prominent parotoid gland

Two prominent “eye brow” ridges above the eyes

28
Q

Amniotes are characterized by

A

Amniotic egg

Keratinized epidermis

Costal ventilation

29
Q

Amniotic egg

A

Extra-embryonic layers are produced by the embryo to provide protection, nourishment and physiological regulation

30
Q

Keratinized epidermis

A

All amniotes are covered with various keratinized skin structures (scales, feathers etc)

31
Q

Costal ventilation

A

Ribs are connected to a sternum and associated musculature to aid in moving air in and out of the lungs

32
Q

Lepidosauria includes which two orders

A

Order Squamata

Order Rhynchophalia

33
Q

Lepidosaurs are characterized by

A

A hemipenis

Tail autotomy

Epidermal scales that overlap and shed collectively

34
Q

A hemipenis

A

Males posses a bilobed intromittent organ

35
Q

Tail autotomy

A

Fracture planes within tail vertebrae of many species allow the individual to self-amputate

36
Q

Epidermal scales that overlap and shed collectively

A

Physiological cycles stimulate occasional shedding of the entire scaly covering

37
Q

Order Rhynchocephalia

Tuatara

A

Diapsid skull with complete lower temporal bar

Premaxilla with bony beak-like projections replacing teeth

38
Q

Order Squamata

Lizards and snakes

Lizard families

A

Family Chamaeleonidae

Family Iguanidae

Family Phrynosmatidae

Family Gekkonidae

Family Amphisbaenidae

Family Scincidae

Family Helodermatidae

Family Varanidae

39
Q

Family Chamaeleonidae

Chameleons

A

Laterally compressed body

Capable of changing their colors for communication or camouflage

Prehensile tail

Often have bony frills or head ornamentation

Zygodactylous (grasping ) feet with two toes on each side

Eyes projecting from head

40
Q

Family Iguanidae

Iguanas lizards

A

Herbivorous

Dewlap (loose skin on throat)

Comb-like projections along center of back

Long whip-like tail

Long sharp claws

41
Q

Family Phryonsmatidae

Horned Lizards

A

Small and insectivorous

Squirts blood from eyes as defense mechanism

42
Q

Family Gekkonidae

Gekko

A

Large eyes

Large wedge shaped head

Distinct construction at neck

Expanded toe pads

Specialized scales on expanded toes that provide incredible adhesion on smooth surfaces

43
Q

Family Amphisbaenidae

Worm lizards

A

Elongate bodies that lack limbs

Small eyes

Blunt eyes

No neck

Scales arranged in rings around body

Convergent evolution with snakes

Shovel like head for burrowing

44
Q

Family Scincidae

Skinks

A

Long cylindrical body

Conical head

Usually lack distinct neck

Shiny scales

45
Q

Family Helodermatidae

Gila monster and beaded lizard

A

Well developed venom glands

Large robust scale-covered osteoderms give a beaded appearance

Stout body with wide head and thick tail

46
Q

Family Varanidae

Monitor lizards

A

Relatively long body and long neck

Head small with pointed snout

Long muscular tail

47
Q

Order Squamata

Lizards and snakes

Snake families

A

Family Colubridae

Family Viperidae

48
Q

Family Colubridae

Non-venomous snakes

A

Snake body with slight constriction behind head

Scutes along ventral surface

49
Q

Family Viperidae

Vipers and Pit Vipers

A

Wedge shaped head much wider than neck

Rattle on tail tip in some species

Erectile fangs near front of mouth delivering venom

Pits above the mouth house heat sensing organs

50
Q

Order Testudines (turtles and tortoises)

Families

A

Family Cheloniidae

Family Chelydridae

Family Emydidae

Family Testundinidae

51
Q

Family Cheloniidae

Hard shelled sea turtles

A

Anapsid skull

Feet modified into flippers

Smooth carapace and plastron of dermal bone and epidermal scales

Emarginations on the back of the skull roof, relatively small

52
Q

Family Chelydridae

Snapping turtles

A

Large head

Relatively small eyes

Reduced carapace

Long tail

Skull with large emarginations on the back of the skull roof

53
Q

Family Emydidae

Sliders

A

Small head

Relatively large carapace

Short tail

With large emarginations on the back of the skull roof

54
Q

Family Testudinidae

Tortoises

A

More terrestrial

High domed carapace

Stout columnar legs/feet

Long necks

Short tails

Large emarginations on the back of the skull roof

55
Q

Order Crocodylia

Crocs alligators and gharials

Families

A

Family Alligatoridae

Family Crocodylidae

Family Gavialidae

56
Q

Family Alligatoridae

Alligators and Caimans

A

Broad horseshoe shaped snout

Lower teeth not visible when mouth closed

57
Q

Family Crocodylidae

Crocodiles

A

Roughly triangular snout

Single (4th) tooth in lower jaw visible when mouth is closed

58
Q

Family Gavialidae

Gharial and False gharial

A

Freshwater crocodylians that specialize in fish eating

Elongate narrow snouts

Numerous needle-like teeth

Lower teeth visible when mouth closed

Zool lab (8 decks)

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