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Bio 55 > Lab 9 > Flashcards

Lab 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

Many gram + staphylococci and streptococci found in the soil are?

A

Saprophytes

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2
Q

Saprophytes are important in the ____________ of organic material.

A

Degradation

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3
Q

Many staphylococci and streptococci are pathogenic and some posses?

A

Toxic genes

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4
Q

What 4 genera is part of the micrococccaceae?

A

-micrococcus
-stomatococcus
-planococcus
-staphylococcus

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5
Q

What similarities do streptococcus and staphyloccocus have?

A

-gram +
-non-spore forming

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6
Q

Most important species of staphylococci?

What separates these species from each other.

A

-S. Aeurus
-S. Epidermis
-S. Saprophyticus

-ability or inability of these organisms to coagulate plasma

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7
Q

Of the 3 staphylococcus species, which can coagulate plasma?

A

-S. Aureus

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8
Q

What other characteristic does S. Aureus have compared to other species ?

A

Ability to ferment mannitol to produce acid

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9
Q

When mannitol is fermented, what does it produce?

A

Acid

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10
Q

The production of _____________ by S. Aureus results in zones of ________________ on blood agar

A

-hemolysins

-beta-hemolysis

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11
Q

How are streptococci arranged primarily ?

A

Chains

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12
Q

What diseases can streptococcus cause?

A

-pneumonia
-meningitis
-pharyngitis
-glomerulonephritis

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13
Q

Several species of streptococci are normal inhabitants of ?

A

The pharynx

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14
Q

Where else can streptococci be found ?

A

-surfaces of the teeth
-saliva
-skin
-colon
-rectum
-vagina

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15
Q

The streptococci most medically important ?

A

-S. Pyongenes
-S. Agalactiae
-S. Pneumoniae

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16
Q

How to determine difference between Staphylococcus and Streptococcus ?

A

Arrangement

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17
Q

If you cannot determine difference between staphylococcus and streptococcus by shape what test can you do to differentiate ?

A

Catalase test

18
Q

When performing catalase test on streptococci and staphylococci, which is negative ?

A

Streptococci is negative for catalase test

19
Q

Besides shape, and catalase test, how else can you differentiate between streptococci and staphylococci?

A

Streaking for isolation on an MSA or Mannitol Salt Agar

20
Q

What does MSA stand for?

A

Mannitol Salt Agar

21
Q

Where is Staphylococcus aureus found?

In what percentage of the population ?

A

-Nasopharynx

-30-50%

22
Q

What do you use to obtain throat culture for MSA?

A

Sterile throat swab

23
Q

What is mannitol?

A

-an alcohol sugar

24
Q

What does MSA contain ?

A

-mannitol (alcohol sugar)
-ph indicator (phenol red)
-high salt concentration (7.5%)

25
Q

What genus can survive in a MSA?

A

-Staphylococcus can survive in an extremely hypertonic environment

26
Q

Staphylococcus aureus can be differentiated from other species of staphylococcus by?

A

-its ability to ferment mannitol, producing acid as waste products.
(Which turns the agar a bright yellow)

27
Q

What color does the MSA turn when staphylococcus aureus ferments mannitol and create acid?

A

Bright yellow

28
Q

The appearance of yellow colonies on the MSA plate presumes the presence of ?

A

-Staphylococcus aureus

29
Q

What is a virulence factor of staphylococcus aureus ?

A

-exoenzyme , coagulase

30
Q

Production of coagulase can be detected by using ?

A

Rabbit plasma

31
Q

What does plasma contain?

A

-clotting factors
-proteins
-hormones

32
Q

What is a type of anticoagulant ?

A

Sodium citrate

33
Q

If coagulase is secreted by staphylococcus aureus waht does it do?

A

Inactivates sodium citrate causing clotting in the plasma (coagulation)

34
Q

What is one of the more potent exotoxin produce by staphylococci and streptococci ?

A

Hemolysin

35
Q

What do hemolysins do ?

A

Enable organisms to use components of blood to supply its nutrional requirements

36
Q

What does blood agar contain ?

A

Trypsin soy agar containing 5% sheep blood

37
Q

What are the 3 types of hemolysins ?

A

-alpha
-beta
-gamma

38
Q

What type of hemolysis is alpha ?

What color are is areas sorrounding alpha colonies ?

Example of alpha organism ?

A

Incomplete hemolysis

-uses: RBC, some hemoglobin (amino acids)
-does not use: iron

-greenish tinge

-streptococcus pneumonia

39
Q

What type of hemolysis is beta hemolysis ?

What color surrounds the these colonies ?

What organism is beta?

A

-complete hemolysis

-clear

-streptococcus pyogenes

40
Q

What type of hemolysis is gamma hemolysis ?

What color sorrounds agar ?

What type of of organism is gamma?

A

-only proteins used (incomplete?)

-blood red

-enterococcus faecalis

Bio 55 (19 decks)

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