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Physiology > Lab 8 - Reproduction/Nervous system > Flashcards

Lab 8 - Reproduction/Nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

The sexual cycle of…

  1. Horse
  2. Cattle
  3. Sheep
  4. Goat
  5. Swine
  6. Dog
  7. Cat
  8. Rabbit
A
  1. Horse: 21 (15-26) days
  2. Cattle: 21 (17-24) days
  3. Sheep: 17 (13-19) days
  4. Goat: 21 (15-24) days
  5. Swine: 21 (17-25) days
  6. Dog: 50-80 days (1-4 cycle/year)
  7. Cat: 14-28 days
  8. Rabbit: no regular sexual cycle
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2
Q

The oestrus cycle of…

  1. Horse
  2. Cattle
  3. Sheep
  4. Goat
  5. Swine
  6. Dog
  7. Cat
  8. Rabbit
A
  1. Horse: 5 (2-9) days
  2. Cattle: 15 (6-24) days
  3. Sheep: 30 (18-48) days
  4. Goat: 30 (22-60) days
  5. Swine: 50 (12-96) days
  6. Dog: 9 (3-21) days
  7. Cat: 4-10 days, incl. ovulator
  8. Rabbit: induced ovulator
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3
Q

Pregnancy period of…

  1. Horse
  2. Cattle
  3. Sheep
  4. Goat
  5. Swine
  6. Dog
  7. Cat
  8. Rabbit
A
  1. Horse: 310-365 days
  2. Cattle: 280-290 days
  3. Sheep: 144-152 days
  4. Goat: 144-152 days
  5. Swine: 111-116 days
  6. Dog: 60-68 days
  7. Cat: 60-65 days
  8. Rabbit: 30-32 days
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4
Q

What is reflex reactions?

A

A reaction from the organism of external and internal stimuli. Based on reflex arc.

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5
Q

Where does the reflex arc go?

A

Starts at the sensory receptors and ends in the effector organ.

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6
Q

Major components of a reflex arc

A

a) Receptor
b) Afferent neuron and it´s axon
c) Synapses in the CNS
d) Efferent neuron and it´s axon
e) Target organ

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7
Q

How can reflexes be classified?

A

On the basis of location of the receptor, the structure of the reflex arc and the location of info. processing

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8
Q

What is proprioceptive reflexes?

A

Spinal reflexes where the receptors are in the organ that represents the effector response.

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9
Q

Knee jerk reflex:

  1. Stimulation
  2. Muscle
  3. Afferent and efferent nerve
  4. Segments of the spinal cord
  5. Normal reaction
A
  1. Tapping patellar tendon below the knee
  2. M.quadriceps femoris
  3. N.femoralis
  4. L4
  5. The leg extends
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10
Q

Ankle jerk reflex:

  1. Stimulation
  2. Muscle
  3. Afferent and efferent nerve
  4. Segments of the spinal cord
  5. Normal reaction
A
  1. Tapping the Achilles tendon behind the ankle
  2. M.gastrocnemius, M.soleus
  3. N.tibialis
  4. S1
  5. Stretching the ankle, plantar flexion
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11
Q

Triceps reflex:

  1. Stimulation
  2. Muscle
  3. Afferent and efferent nerve
  4. Segments of the spinal cord
  5. Normal reaction
A
  1. Tapping the tendon of the triceps, just above the elbow
  2. M.triceps brachii
  3. N.radialis
  4. C6-7
  5. Stretching the elbow
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12
Q

Biceps reflex

  1. Stimulation
  2. Muscle
  3. Afferent and efferent nerve
  4. Segments of the spinal cord
  5. Normal reaction
A
  1. Tapping the biceps tendon, above the elbow bent
  2. M.biceps brachii
  3. N.musculocutaneus
  4. C5-6
  5. Flexion of the elbow
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13
Q

What is exteroceptive reflex?

A

The receptor is located outside of the effector organ. It is polysynaptic, has long latency period, response is slower and the reflex fatigues. Mainly noiciceptive.

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14
Q

Panniculus reflex:

  1. Stimulation
  2. Muscle
  3. Afferent and efferent nerve
  4. Segments of the spinal cord
  5. Normal reaction
A
  1. Scratching the skin in the abdominal region
  2. Skin muscles
  3. Nn.cutenei trunci
  4. C2-T1
  5. Contraction of skin muscles
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15
Q

Flexor reflex and crossed extensor reflex

  1. Stimulation
  2. Muscle
  3. Afferent and efferent nerve
  4. Segments of the spinal cord
  5. Normal reaction
A
  1. Scratching the pads
  2. Flexor of the ipsilateral, extensor of the contralateral legs
  3. Sensory and motor neurons of the finger
  4. C5-T1 L5-S1
  5. Bending of fingers and leg, extension on the contralat. side
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16
Q

Corneal reflex

  1. Stimulation
  2. Afferent nerve
  3. Efferent nerve
  4. Normal reaction
A
  1. Touching the cornea
  2. N.trigeminus
  3. N.facialis
  4. Blink the eye
17
Q

Menace reflex

  1. Stimulation
  2. Afferent nerve
  3. Efferent nerve
  4. Normal reaction
A
  1. Moving the hand abruptly toward the eye
  2. N.opticus
  3. N.oculomotorius
  4. Blink the eye, move the head away
18
Q

Direct papillary light reflex

  1. Stimulation
  2. Afferent nerve
  3. Efferent nerve
  4. Normal reaction
A
  1. Shining a penlight into the eye
  2. N.opticus
  3. N.oculomotorius
  4. Constriction of the ipsilateral pupil
19
Q

Concensual (indirect) pupillary light reglex

  1. Stimulation
  2. Afferent nerve
  3. Efferent nerve
  4. Normal reaction
A
  1. Shining a penlight into the eye
  2. N.opticus
  3. N.oculomotorius
  4. Constriction of the ipsilateral pupil
20
Q

Auditory reflex

  1. Stimulation
  2. Afferent nerve
  3. Efferent nerve
  4. Normal reaction
A
  1. Loud noise
  2. N.vestibulocochlearis
  3. N.oculomotorius, N.troclearis, N.abducens, N.facialis, N.vagus, neck nerves
  4. Move the head and eyes away
21
Q

What is chronaxie?

A

(Min. duration necessary to elicit an AP if the stimulus strenght twise rheobase)

22
Q

What factor determines if we have a monophasic or biphasic CAP?

A

(Distance between electrodes)

23
Q

Define local response

A

(Decrasing magnitude of potential change due to physical processes)

24
Q

What is resting membrane potential

A

(difference between intra and extracellular space potential)

25
Q

Give the most characteristic features of non-myelinated impulse transmission?

A

(AP propagates step by step, a channel activates immediately adjacent one)

26
Q

What is rheobase?

A

(Minimal stimulus intensity that just generates an AP after long time application)

27
Q

Which channel opens during repolarization?

A

(Potassium)

28
Q

Receptors in intrafusal muscle

A

(nuclear chain receptors and bag receptors)

29
Q

Describe CAP?

A

(Compound action potentials, a summation of different fibers that make up a nerve)

30
Q

Frequency coding?

A

(Stronger stimulus, more frequent action potential)

31
Q

4 stages of action potential.

A

(depolarization, overshoot, repolarization and post-hyperpolarization)

32
Q

In which phase do you have absolute refractory period?

A

(Periode before repolarization where the CAP will disapear)

33
Q

How to check an normal reaction of Achilles reflex?

A

(hit just above the insertion of achilles tendon on an freehanging leg)

34
Q

Name of fibres leading impulse from organ to spinal chord?

A

(Neuron fibres type Ia and type II)

35
Q

Explain all- or none-law concerning the action potential?

A

(must have certain polarization to get reaction, either or not)

36
Q

Explain repolarization

A

(Positive charges decrease inside the cell)

37
Q

Define treshold?

A

(a certain level)

Physiology (20 decks)

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