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Physiology > Lab 5 - Respiration > Flashcards

Lab 5 - Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

define dead space?

A

the portion of each tidal volume that doesn’t take part in gas exchange

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2
Q

define dynamic lung volume?

A

lung volume dependent on the flow rate at which air can be exhaled

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3
Q

define vital capasity?

A

the maximal volume expelled after maximal inspiration (VC=ERV+IRV+VT)

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4
Q

define inspiratory reserve volume?

A

the amount of air that can be forcibly inspired after a normal inspiration.

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5
Q

define expiratory reserve volume?

A

the amount of air that can be forcibly expired after a normal expiration

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6
Q

define expiration capacity?

A

the maximal volume expired from resting inspiratory level. (EC=VT+ERV)

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7
Q

define tidal volume?

A

the amount of air exhaled or inhaled during a respiratory cycle

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8
Q

define residual volume?

A

the amount of air remaining in lung after maximal expiration. (RV=VCx0.25)

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9
Q

define inspiratory capacity?

A

the maximal volume inspired from resting expiratory level (IC=VT+IRV)

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10
Q

define functional residual capacity?

A

the air volume that remain in the lung at resting expiratory level. (FRC=ERV+RV)

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11
Q

define total lung capacity?

A

the air volume in the lungs at the end of maximal inspiration. (TLC=VC+RV)

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12
Q

define minimal volume?

A

achieved when lung collaps. Fraction get into interstices by diffusion at first breath

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13
Q

what can be measured with pneumatometer?

A

Respiratory pressure

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14
Q

Tiffeneau index formula?

A

TI(%)=(FEV1/VC)x100

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15
Q

How to performe the Muller manoeuvre?

A

forced inspiration after normal expiration with closed glottis

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16
Q

How to performe the Valsalva manoeuvre?

A

take deap breath and perform forced expiration with closed glottis

17
Q

Where is the chemoreceptors that can sense the CO2 partial pressure in the blood situated?

A

at bottom of forth cerebral ventricle

18
Q

What happens with the heart rate during inspiration? Explain

A

During inspiration the heart rate is higher than during expiration. Because DRG nuclei inhibits the vagal nuclei during inspiration

19
Q

What is meant by respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA)?

A

changes is heart rate in connection with respiration

20
Q

Formula for total lung capacity

A

TLC = VC + RV

21
Q

Donder’s model

A

glass bell, rubber sheet, two rubber balloons and a cannula connected to a manometer

22
Q

Hyperpnoea

A

the deep and frequent respiration that occurs normally after exercising

23
Q

Effect of Hypocapnia

A

If it provides more air than requires, can cause dizziness. Hyperventilation

24
Q

Respiratory rate (in resting state)

  1. horse
  2. cattle
  3. small ruminants
  4. swine
  5. .dog: a) adult b) new-born
  6. cat: a) adult b) new-born
  7. rabbit
  8. poultry
A
  1. 10-15/min
  2. 10-30/min
  3. 15-30/min
  4. 12-20/min
    5 a)15-30/min b) 30-40/min
  5. a) 20-30/min b) 35-45/min
  6. 50-60/min
  7. 10-40/min
25
Q

Atmospheric pressure

A

760 mmHg (101.3 kPa)

26
Q

Pressure values during inspiration and expiration:

  1. alveolar pressure
    a) inspiration
    b) expiration
  2. intrapleural pressure
    a) inspiration
    b) expiration
A
  1. a) 757 mmHg (100.7 kPa)
  2. b) 763 mmHg (101.5 kPa)
  3. a) 752 mmHg (100.0 kPa)
  4. b) 757 mmHg (100.7 kPa)
27
Q

Partial pressure of gases in the respiratory tract

  1. inspired air: a) O2 b) CO2
  2. alveolar air: a) O2 b) CO2
  3. pulmonary vein: a) O2 b) CO2
  4. (arterial blood) cells: a) O2 b) CO2
  5. pulmonary artery (venous blood): a) O2 b) CO2
  6. expired air: a) O2 b) CO2
A

(mmHg)

  1. a) 158 b) 0.3
  2. a) 100 b) 40
  3. a) 95 b) 40
  4. a) 24 b) 50
  5. a) 40 b) 46
  6. a) 116 b) 32
28
Q

Characteristics of hemoglobin:

  1. oxygen binding capacity
  2. iron content
A
  1. 4 mmol O2/mmol Hb

2. 4 mmol Fe/mmol Hb

29
Q

Maximal oxygen saturation of 1 litre blood

  1. arteries
    a) at 120 g/l Hb content
    b) at 150 g/l Hb content
  2. veins
    a) at 120 g/l Hb content
    b) at 150 g/l Hb content
  3. arterio-venosus O2 differency
    a) at 120 g/l Hb content
    b) at 150 g/l Hb content
A
  1. a) 0.16 litre b) 0.20 litre
  2. a) 0.12 litre b) 0.15 litre
  3. a) 0.04 litre b) 0.05 litre
30
Q

Pressure values in the juxtaglomerular apparatus:

  1. hydrostatic pressure in the glomerulus
  2. oncotic pressure in the glomerulus
  3. pressure in a Bowman’s capsule
  4. effective filtration pressure
A
  1. 60 mmHg
  2. 30 mmHg
  3. 20 mmHg
  4. 10 mmHg
31
Q

The volume and density of urine

  1. average daily volume
  2. range of density
A
  1. 20-50 ml/bwt

2. 1015-1045 g/dm3

32
Q

Clearance values in humans

  1. para-amino hippuric acid
  2. inulin
  3. urea
  4. Glucose
A
  1. 600 ml/min
  2. 120 ml/min
  3. 80 ml/min
  4. 0 ml/min

Physiology (20 decks)

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