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Physiology > Lab 6 - Digestion > Flashcards

Lab 6 - Digestion Flashcards

1
Q

Avg. BP at: systemic circulation

  1. Left ventricle
  2. Aorta
  3. Large arteries
  4. End of arteries
  5. Arterial end of capillarries
  6. Venous end of capillaries
  7. Large veins
  8. Right atrium
A
  1. Left ventricle: 120/8 mmHg
  2. Aorta: 120/75 mmHg
  3. Large arteries: 135/68 mmHg
  4. End of arteries: 98/68 mmHg
  5. Arterial end of capillaries: 32 mmHg
  6. Venous end of capillaries: 10 mmHg
  7. Large veins: 2-5 mmHg
  8. Right atrium: 3 mmHg
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2
Q

Avg. BP at: pulmonary circulation

  1. Right ventricle
  2. Pulmonary artery
  3. Lung capillaries
  4. Left atrium
A

Avg. BP at: pulmonary circulation

  1. Right ventricle: 25/0 mmHg
  2. Pulmonary artery: 23/9 mmHg
  3. Lung capillaries: 8mmHg
  4. Left atrium: 6 mmHg
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3
Q

Pulse wave velocity

A

7 m/sec

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4
Q

Blood flow velocity

  1. Aorta
  2. Large veins
  3. Capillaries
A
  1. Aorta: 30-40 cm/sec
  2. Large veins: 15-20 cm/sec
  3. Capillaries: 0.05 cm/sec
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5
Q

What is the mixed content of the stomach called?

A

Chymus

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6
Q

What substances taste salty?

A

neutral salts of strong acids and bases

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7
Q

Histamine acts on which receptors?

A

H2 receptors

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8
Q

What effect has verapamil?

A

Ca2+ channel inhibitor

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9
Q

What is involved in the taste pathway?

A

Fascial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX) and vagus (X)

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10
Q

The mixture of food structure resembles what?

A

onion

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11
Q

Where in gastrointestinal tract does ptyalin act?

A

in the stomach

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12
Q

What substance act on parietal cells?

A

Acetylcholine, Histamine and Gastrin

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13
Q

In which way does verapamil inhibit muscle contraction?

A

Ca2+ channel inhibition

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14
Q

Which cells does gastrin have effect on?

A

parietal cells

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15
Q

Where can you find the food eaten last?

A

in the cardia

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16
Q

How to measure the basal HCl cons.?

A

by titrating 0.01 M NaOH, after adding phenolphtalein

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17
Q

What dissociates the actomyosin complex?

A

myosin phosphatase (MP) enzyme

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18
Q

Examples of sour taste?

A

hydrogen ion dissociating molecules – buffers of saliva alters sensation

19
Q

Examples of bitter taste?

A

several alkaloids: strychnine, quinine, several glycosides, ethers, some Mg2+ and Ca2+ salts, ammonium compound and sulphates

20
Q

What is ED50?

A

Active ingredient concentration needed for half maximal muscle contraction

21
Q

What pathway does muscarinic Ach receptors activate?

A

G-protein phospholipase C pathway

22
Q

What enzyme initiates SM contraction?

A

MLCK = Myosin Light Chain Kinase

23
Q

Which gastric juice producing cells are influenced by Acetycholine?

A

Parietal Cells

24
Q

Effects of acetylcholine is mediated by which type of receptors?

A

Type M(3) muscarinic Ach receptors

25
Q

Which effect has acetylcholine on gastric SM?

A

stimulating

26
Q

By which cells and where is gastric juice secreted?

A

By chief (peptic) and parietal cells in the fundus region of the gastric mucosa

27
Q

What does the gastric juice cells produce?

A
  • Parietal cells: HCl

- Chief cells: pepsinogen

28
Q

What does the acetylcholine released from cholinergic postganglionic neurons stimulate?

A

Parietal, ECL cells and furthermore G cells

29
Q

What is histamine produced from?

A

ECL cells

30
Q

What is histamine production regulated by?

A

Gastrin and vagus nerve

31
Q

What and where is Gastrin secreted by?

A

G cells in the antrum region

32
Q

What does Gastin increase the secretion of?

A

HCl secretion

33
Q

What is the function of G cells regulated by?

A

Vagus nerve and gastric pH

34
Q

What effect has acetylcholine?

A

Parasympathicomyemetic - stimulating

35
Q

Which effect has atropine?

A

Parasympathicolytic - inhibition

36
Q

Which effect has norepinephrine?

A

Sympaticomymetic - sphincter: constriction, elsewhere: relaxation

37
Q

Which effect has verapamil?

A

Ca2+ channel inhibition - inhibition

38
Q

What is spike potentials?

A

Action potentials in the smooth muscle cells

39
Q

What is the frequency of contractions of GI tract determined by?

A

Slow waves (continuous change in the membrane potential of smooth muscle cells)

40
Q

What is competitive antagonism?

A

The transmitter (agonist) and the antagonist compete for the same binding sites

41
Q

How can the binding of the antagonist be eliminated?

A

By increasing the concentration of the agonist

42
Q

Which receptor does atropine inhibit?

A

Muscarinic Ach receptors

43
Q

Which roles does the sensation of taste have?

A

Food checking, inducing saliva and gastric juice production, etc.

44
Q

Examples of sweet taste?

A

Sugars, e.g. saccharine, saccharose

Physiology (20 decks)

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