Lab 10 - Cardiovascular regulation

Question 1

Hematocrit (venous)

1. Dog
2. Cat
3. Rabbit
4. Domestic fowl

Answer 1

(l/l)

1-4: 0.35-0.45

Question 2

Blood clotting

1. Dog
2. Cat

Answer 2

(min)

1. Dog: 6-7
2. Cat: 7-9

Question 3

RBC sedimentation rate

1. Dog
2. Cat
3. Rabbit
4. Domestic fowl

Answer 3

(mm/hour)

1. Dog: 5-10
2. Cat: 5-10
3. Rabbit: ND
4. Domestic fowl: 1-4

Question 4

Lymphocyte

1. Dog
2. Cat
3. Rabbit
4. Domestic fowl

Answer 4

%

1. Dog: 35 (15-45)
2. Cat: 35 (15-45)
3. Rabbit: 50 (40-60)
4. Domestic fowl: 60 (55-75)

Question 5

Neutrophil

1. Dog
2. Cat
3. Rabbit
4. Domestic fowl

Answer 5

%

1. Dog: 60 (55-75)
2. Cat: 60 (55-75)
3. Rabbit: 50 (40-60)
4. Domestic fowl: 35 (15-45)

Question 6

Blood glucose

1. Dog
2. Cat
3. Rabbit
4. Domestic fowl

Answer 6

mmol/l
1-3: 5 (3-5.5)
4. Domestic fowl: 10 (9-11)

Question 7

RBC count

Answer 7

(x10^12/L)
1-3: 6-12
4. Domestic fowl: 3

Question 8

Reticulocytes

1. Dog
2. Cat
3. Rabbit
4. Domestic fowl

Answer 8

%

1. Dog: 0-5
2. Cat: 0-5
3. Rabbit: 0
4. Domestic fowl: 0

Question 9

WBC count

1. Dog
2. Cat
3. Rabbit
4. Domestic fowl

Answer 9

(x10^9/L)
1-3: 5-15
4: 15-30

Question 10

RBC lifespan

1. Dog
2. Cat
3. Rabbit
4. Domestic fowl

Answer 10

(days)

1. Dog: 120
2. Cat: 60
3. Rabbit: 60
4. Domestic fowl: 30

Question 11

Heart rate

1. Dog
2. Cat
3. Rabbit
4. Domestic fowl

Answer 11

(/min)

1. Dog: 75-100
2. Cat: 120-160
3. Rabbit: 150-200
4. Domestic fowl: 140-400

Question 12

Respiratory rate

1. Dog
2. Cat
3. Rabbit
4. Domestic fowl

Answer 12

(/min)

1. Dog: 15-30
2. Cat: 20-30
3. Rabbit: 50-60
4. Domestic fowl: 10-40

Question 13

Body temp.

1. Dog
2. Cat
3. Rabbit
4. Domestic fowl

Answer 13

1. Dog: 38.2-39.0
2. Cat: 38.5-39.2
3. Rabbit: 38.5-39.5
4. Domestic fowl: 40-43

Question 14

Why does acetylcholine decrease blood pressure?

Answer 14

(Sets free Nitric Acid and inhibits cardiac activity)

Question 15

What is the effect of compressing both left and right vagus nerve?

Answer 15

(respiration stops, then deeper and less frequent, heart rate increase)

Question 16

What is vasomotor center?

Answer 16

(centers in the brainstem responsible for circulation)

Question 17

EDRF?

Answer 17

(endothelium derived reflex factor)

Question 18

EDCF?

Answer 18

(endothelium derived contractil factor)

Question 19

Location and function of n. phrenicus?

Answer 19

(C4 segment, function is modulated by inspiratory neurons)

Question 20

What happen to respiration when stimuli of n. vagus?

Answer 20

(irregular respiration)

Question 21

Which afferent nerve transfers stimuli from n. vagus to bronchopulmonary center

Answer 21

(expiratory neurons of pons respiratorygroup)

Question 22

What happens if you compress carotid artery cranial to carotid sinus?

Answer 22

(Increase blood pressure)

Question 23

The 2 centers in the pons?

Answer 23

(pneumotaxic and apneustic)

Question 24

Which receptors does epinephrine effect?

Answer 24

(beta 2 adrenergic receptors, and alpha 1 as well)

Question 25

What causes vagus apnoe?

Answer 25

(stimulating vagus, due to hering-breuer reflex)

Question 26

What happens if you compress carotid artery caudal to carotid sinus?

Answer 26

(slow increase of systemic blood pressure)

Question 27

Name the respiratory centres in the brainstem?

Answer 27

(dorsal and ventral respiratory groups)

Question 28

What effect does short term stimulation of the vagus nerve have on blood pressure?

Answer 28

(heart rate decrease, blood pressure decrease for a while)

Question 29

What does short time instrintic control depend on?

Answer 29

(myogenic control of diameter if ateriols and metarteriols)

Question 30

Which area of the brain show spontaneous sympathetic activity?

Answer 30

(the pressor area)

Question 31

Which vasomotor centre shows spontaneous activity?

Answer 31

(Pressor area)

Question 32

What is the role of apneustic center?

Answer 32

(Inspiration)

Question 33

Which stump of the depressor nerve do you stimulate to decrease blood pressure?

Answer 33

(vagus nerve)

Question 34

Where are expiritory neurons located in brainstem?

Answer 34

(ventral respiratory group)

Question 35

Afferent nerve of Hering-Breuer reflex?

Answer 35

(vagus nerve)

Question 36

Where are baroreceptors found?

Answer 36

(aortic arch and carotic sinus)

Question 37

Which nerve transmits signals from depressor area to heart?

Answer 37

(vagus nerve)

Question 38

What effect does Acetylcholine have on blood pressure?

Answer 38

(decrease blood pressure, because it sets free Nitric Acid and inhibits cardiac activity)

Question 39

Where are vasomotor centres located in the brain?

Answer 39

(close to respiratory center in the reticular formation)

Question 40

Where are volume receptors found?

Answer 40

(in the lungs and in the capacitance system of circulation eg. Right atrial wall)

Question 41

Which nerve is efferent for the heart?

Answer 41

(n. vagus)

Question 42

Where are chemoreceptors located in the CNS?

Answer 42

(bottom of 4th chamber)

Question 43

What nerve has the afferent fibers from baroreceptor in the carotid sinus?

Answer 43

(Hering’s nerve)

Question 44

Which part do you have to stimulate of depressor nerve to cause vasodilatation?

Answer 44

(caudomedial depressor area)

Question 45

Which part do you have to stimulate of depressor nerve to cause vasoconstriction?

Answer 45

(craniolateral pressor area)

Question 46

Where can you find the respiratory center/neorons?

Answer 46

(Brain stem, pons close to vasomotor center in reticular formation)