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Biology Lab > Lab 8 > Flashcards

Lab 8 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

hermaphrodites cannot

A

feritlize themselves with their sperm

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2
Q

muscles work against water

A

hydrostatic skelton

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3
Q

chemcials that exert effects upon the physiology of organisms

A

bioactive chemicals

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4
Q

organic compounds contaning rings of nitrogen and are alkane or basic in solution; bitter taste and end with -ine; often act upont he nervous system by mimicking the effects of neurotransmitters

A

alkaloids

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5
Q

natural chemicals of the nervous system

A

neurotransmitters

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6
Q

some are stimulants, other depressants, others halluciogen; ex: cocaine, morphine, nicotine, caffeine

A

alkaloids

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7
Q

many of the most usefull bioactive chemicals are

A

alkaloids

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8
Q

Belong to the largest group of plant chemicals and serve a variety of functions in plants; they are the principle ingredients in plant-derived perfumes, soaps, flavorings, dyes, and many medicines

A

Terpenes

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9
Q

Group of terpenees that have drawn the attention of researchers because they often are the active ingredient in many herbal preparations

A

Lactones

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10
Q

Defining characteristic is the presence of a sugar group but it is what is attached to the sugar that defines the biological activity

A

Glycosides

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11
Q

Glycosides may be classified as

A

Cyanogenic, cardioactive, or sapogenic

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12
Q

This type of glycosides release cyanide; plants containing this type of glycoside are usually considered poisonous rather than therapeutic

A

Cyanogenic

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13
Q

This type of glycosides affect the circulatory system, specifically the heart; depending on the dosage it can poison the heart by causing heart failure or act as a medicine to strengthen the heart

A

Carioactive

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14
Q

This type of clycosides have a steroidal component; steroids are physiologically important as many hormones are steroids; found in some plants have been precursors for creating synthetic hormones;

A

Sapogenic

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15
Q

Examples are salicin (base of aspirin) and the collective name for many principle ingredients in aloe vera

A

Glycosides

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16
Q

Segmented worms; body is organized into repeated rings or segments; found in terrestrial, freshwater, and marine environments

A

Annelid

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17
Q

Annelida with few bristles

A

Oligochaeta

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18
Q

Little bristles

A

Setae

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19
Q

Few

A

Oligo

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20
Q

Mudworm; found throughout north america at the edge of freshwater nods, lakes, and marshes; eat organic debris and microscopic algae

A

California blackworm

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21
Q

Blood is contained within blood vessels

A

Closed circulatory system

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22
Q

Along the backside

A

Dorsal

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23
Q

Acts as the heart, pumping in the blood through wave-like contractions of its muscular walls

A

Dorsal blood vessel

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24
Q

Blood is bright red in color due to the presence of

A

Hemoglobin-like pigment that transports oxygen

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25
Q

Hemoglobin like pigment that transports oxygen

A

Erthrocuorin

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26
Q

In the mudworm the pigment is

A

Dissolved in the plasma

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27
Q

Never let monkeys eat bananas

A

Neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte , eosinphil , basophil

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28
Q

Stomach

A

Ventral

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29
Q

Mudworms circulate by

A

Smooth muscle

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30
Q

Mudworms have the highest pulse rate in the (x) and the lwoest in the (x)

A

Tail, head

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31
Q

What makes blood look blue

A

Copper

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32
Q

Which animal did not have nucleated red blood cells

A

Humans

33
Q

White blood cells are found in

A

Frogs and humans

34
Q

Shape of human red blood cells

A

Biconcave disks

35
Q

Giant Palouse earthworm (Driloleirus americanus), 3ft or more in length, white to light pink, odor of lillies, Burrows 15ft deep, WA, ID, OR grassland sites

A

endangered giant earthworm

36
Q

Native Botrychium mormo fern threatened
Lumbricus rubellus
Remove upper layer of litter that fern needs

A

Invasive Earthworms from Europe & Asia

37
Q

16 inches long and nearly an ounce
More than twice the weight of any wild earthworm
largest earthworm of great britain

A

dave

38
Q 
Segmented worms
Oligochaetes - Few setae
Hermaphrodites
Circular& longitudinal muscle layers
Hydrostatic skeleton
Transparent cuticle
Closed Circulation
A

annelida

39
Q

-ine ending, Ring of carbon atoms containing N, 5000 known, Derived from amino acids, Bitter tasting, Affect the nervous system, Neurotransmitters, Cocaine, nicotine, ephedrine, morphine, codeine, Families high in alkaloids, Poppy, Dogbane, Tomato, Bean, Coffee, Barberry, Morning Glory

A

Secondary Plant Products -Alkaloids

40
Q

Glycosides, Sugar group + active ingredient,
Families: Dogbane, Lily, Milkweed, Buttercup
Cyanogenic
-Release HCN (hydrocyanic acid)
-Ex. amygdalin from pits/seed of apricots, bitter almond, cherries, peaches, plums
Sapogenic (saponins)
-Purgative
-Rhubarb, aloe, senna
Cardioactive
-Slow heartbeat
-Foxglove, Lactones- Kava

A

terpenes

41
Q

Blood away from heart

A

arteries

42
Q

Connective (dense -> loose)

A

Tunica adventitia (externa)

43
Q

Circular Smooth Muscle

Elastic & collagen fibers

A

Tunica media

44
Q

Endothelium

A

Tunica intima (interna)

45
Q

Nearest the heart
Largest diameter/thickest walls
More elastic than smooth muscles
Highest bp

A

Elastic arteries

46
Q

More smooth muscle
Control blood flow
Vasoconstriction/vasodilation
Elastic connective in intima/media

A

Muscular arteries

47
Q

Carry blood to the heart
At rest, 54% of the blood resides in veins
Larger diameter than arteries
Thinner walls, more distensible

A

veins

48
Q

Blood from capillaries

Endothelium + loose connective

A

Venules

49
Q

Largest empty in heart
Less smooth muscle & elastic tissue in tunica media
Tunica adventitia is thicker
Dense connective

A

Veins –S, M, L

50
Q

Semilunar valves in 2mm diameter veins
Skeletal muscle contractions
Varicose veins
Phlebitis

A

veins

51
Q

2 million of these are produced per second in human bone marrow
Short lived - 120 days

A

red blood cells, Erythrocytes

52
Q

60-65%
Pink granules
5-7 lobed nucleus
First to fight infections

A

neutrophils

53
Q

2- 4%
Red granules
Reduce inflammation
Allergies, parasitic worms

A

eosinphils

54
Q

0.5 – 1%
Large dark blue granules
Allergies

A

basophils

55
Q

20- 35%

Produce antibodies

A

lymphocytes

56
Q

3-8%
Largest
Phagocytic

A

monocytes

57
Q

Agranulocytes

A

lymphocytes and monocytes

58
Q

granulocytes

A

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

59
Q

relationship between SA/V and Mass

A

inverse

60
Q

highest SA to V is the (x) mass

A

lowest

61
Q

(x) animal gives off body heat faster

A

smaller

62
Q

hair (x) by trapping air

A

insulates

63
Q

what happens during hibernation

A

decrease in body temp and acitivty

64
Q

the gullet is like the

A

cytopharynx

65
Q

the food vacuole is like the

A

stomach

66
Q

effect of ink on tetrahymena

A

the lower the better, impairs beating of cilia

67
Q

effect of tobacco on tetrahymena

A

paralyzes cilia, greatest food vacuoles at lowest concentratoin

68
Q

effect of theophylaine on tetrahymena

A

increases cilia action (used as asthma meds), mid range optinal, not linear

69
Q

temp effect on tetra

A

room temp optimal, not linear, but tetra can tolerate most temps

70
Q

higher metabolic needs have (x) circulation

A

closed

71
Q

fav drugs are

A

alkaloids

72
Q

can be high in

A

alkaloids and glycosides

73
Q

chamomile effect

A

supposed to slow ehart, but on worms it sped it up, didn’t support

74
Q

caffeine effect

A

supports lit, increases heart, stimulate

75
Q

ginger effect

A

support lit, did increase heart

76
Q

valerian effect

A

didn’t support lit, supposed to be depressant, but increased worm heart rate

77
Q

turmeric effect

A

supposted to increase blood flow, supported lit

78
Q

tobacco effect

A

mixed results, stimulat except at 1/2

79
Q

hawthorn effect

A

supposed to be best of all for heart, supported lit

Biology Lab (12 decks)

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