Lab 2

Question 1

observable trait in an organism

Answer 1

character

Question 2

an example of an organ or bone that appears in different animals, underlining anatomical commonalities demonstrating descent from a common ancestor. In other words, it’s when very different animals have bones that appear very similar in form or function and seem to be related.

Answer 2

homologous structures

Question 3

similarity of function and superficial resemblance of structures that have different origins. For example, the wings of a fly, a moth, and a bird are this because they developed independently as adaptations to a common function—flying.

Answer 3

analogous strucrtures

Question 4

a new or descendent character state

Answer 4

apomorphy

Question 5

shared derived character

Answer 5

Synapomorphy

Question 6

infer phylogenetic relationships

Answer 6

Synapomorphies

Question 7

Principle of Parsimony

Answer 7

Occam’s Razor

Question 8

the principle that the simplest explanation that can explain the data is to be preferred

Answer 8

parsimony

Question 9

uppose there exist two explanations for an occurrence. In this case the simpler one is usually better. Another way of saying it is that the more assumptions you have to make, the more unlikely an explanation is.

Answer 9

occam’s razor

Question 10

The tetrapod body plan is an example of

Answer 10

homologous character

Question 11

bird and bat wings are examples of

Answer 11

analogous characters

Question 12

Analogous characters are the result

Answer 12

convergent evolution

Question 13

Cyanobacteria

Answer 13

monera

Question 14

anabena

Answer 14

cyanobacteria, monera

Question 15

bacteria

Answer 15

monera

Question 16

bacillus

Answer 16

bacteria, monera

Question 17

Archaebacteria

Answer 17

monera

Question 18

Methanobacterium

Answer 18

archaebacteria, monera

Question 19

Halanaerobium

Answer 19

archaebacteria, monera

Question 20

Ascomycota

Answer 20

fungi

Question 21

Morel

Morchella

Answer 21

ascomycota, fungi

Question 22

Basidiomycota

Answer 22

fungi

Question 23

Amanita

Answer 23

basidiomycota, fungi

Question 24

Rhizopoda

Answer 24

protista

Question 25

Amoeba

Answer 25

rhizopoda, protista

Question 26

Phaeophyta

Answer 26

protista

Question 27

Laminaria

Answer 27

phaephyta, protista

Question 28

Bacillariophyta

Answer 28

protista

Question 29

Rhodophyta

Answer 29

protista

Question 30

Chlorophyta

Answer 30

protista

Question 31

chara

Answer 31

chlorophyta, protista

Question 32

Hepatophyta

Answer 32

plantae

Question 33

Marchantia

Answer 33

hepatophyta, plantae

Question 34

Pterophyta

Answer 34

plantae

Question 35

Nephrolepis

Answer 35

pterophyta, plantae

Question 36

Coniferophyta

Answer 36

plantae

Question 37

pinus

Answer 37

coniferophyta, plantae

Question 38

Anthophyta Monocotyledonae

Answer 38

plantae

Question 39

lillium

Answer 39

Anthophyta Monocotyledonae, plantae

Question 40

Anthophyta Dicotyledonae

Answer 40

plantae

Question 41

Solanum

Answer 41

Anthophyta Dicotyledonae, plantae

Question 42

Cnidaria

Answer 42

animalia

Question 43

Physalia

Answer 43

cnidaria, animalia

Question 44

Rotifera

Answer 44

animalia

Question 45

Philodina

Answer 45

rotifera, animalia

Question 46

Echinodermata

Answer 46

animalia

Question 47

Arbacia

Answer 47

echinodermata, animalia

Question 48

cells with two haploid nuclei

Answer 48

dikaryon

Question 49

interzonal spindle persists through telophase and forms a network of microtubles that are perpindicular to cell division

Answer 49

phramoplast

Question 50

things that share the most characteristics are

Answer 50

closely related