Lab 5 Flashcards
flowering plants
angiosperms
ex: grasses, palm trees, orchids, and lilies
monocots
oaks, maples, mints, roses
dicots
a single main root, enlarged for water and/or food storage, and many smaller branch roots
tap root
typical of monocots in which there are several main roots of equal size
fibrous root
thimble-shaped region of short-lived cells at the very end of the roog
root cap
site of actively dividing cells that accounts for the growth of roots and replaces cells in the root cap as they are worn off
apical meristem or zone of cell division
area of rapid root growth as cells elongate
zone of elongation
final region in which embrionic cells differentiate into specialized tissues that make up the anatomy of a root
zone of elongation
fine extentions of epidermis where water and minerals are first absorbed into the root
root hairs
larger outer region that is adapted for storage and the passage of water ad minerals tot he vascular cylinder
cortex
central core of root tissue
stele
where the conducting tissues of xylem and phloem are located
vascular bundles
advantages of fibrous
goes wide, acts like sponge over big area
advantages of tap
enlarged to store more water and deeper, more stable water source
dandelion roots example of
tap
corn and grass roots examples of
fibrous
iodine tests for
starch
what type fo tissue is the cortex?
turns blue/black to show starch and parencyma
HCl turns red to show
lignin
lignin is found in
secondary cell walls
HCl shows litin in
vascular cylindar with xylem
mesic
moderate moisture ground conditions
innermost layer of cortex
endodermis
a waxy material that encircles each endoermal cell wall
casparian strip
water passes (x) the endodermal cells
thorough
cross pattern of xylema nd ploem within vascular cylinder is typical of
dicot roots
hydric plants
don’t have xylem
epiphytes
aerial plants
device used to make thin sections
microtome
cactus is all
stem
creeping charlie is a member of
the dicot mint family
mints have
square stems
a type of support tissue in plants which has primary cell walls thickest at the corners; checker board pattern
collenchyma
center of parenchyma tissue in a stem is called
pith
red eyes of monkey face
xylem
monkey face
vascular bundle
monkey face is surronded by x for x
sclernchyma for support
the forehead of the monkey face is x and x
companion cells and sieve tube members
point on stem at which leaves or branches occur
node
segment of the branch between two adjacent nodes
internode
scar left on stem by abscise leaf
leaf scar
natural dropping off of a plant part (leaf in fall)
abscission
vascular bundle scars
the severed end of the vascular bundles that extend from the leaf into the stem
small roundish or elongated structures of loosely arranged cells in the stem surface through which gaseous exchange takes place
lenticels
protective covering of a bud
bud scales
ring of scale scars surronding the stem and produced by the abscission of the terminal bud scales as dormancy was broken. a year’s growth occurs between successive terminal bud scale scar rings. determing the age of your twig by counting these bud scale scar rings
terminal bud scale scars
all other buds, generally located in a leaf axil
axillary (lateral) bud
the conducting cells of xylem are
vessel elements and tracheids
have a wide diamter which permits great quantities of water to be moved and have completely lost their end walls which permits the more rapid movement of water through th eplant; stacked one on top of another to form pipe-like structures
vessel elements
tapering end walls that are thin but not completely open; joing one to another to form continous condiut for water transport
trachaieds
vessel elements and tracheids are both x when functioning
dead
needle shaped cells also with thick secondary cells but without pits (holes), are also found in wood and contribute to the hardness of angiosperm wood
fibers
each ring is deposited during a single growing season
annual or tree ring
when water is more abundant, the xylem vessels are larger in diameter and make up the section of the annual ring called
spring or early wood
as water levels in the soil become less available, the diameter of the vesel elements decreases,a dn those smaller diamter vesels make up
summer or late wood
the spoke-liek projections radiating outward from the pith, which accomplish lateral side translocation of water throughout the stem.
vascular rays
outside and adjacent to the outermost annual ring in the xylem is (x) appearing as a few rows of narrow, thin walled rectangualr cells
vascular cambium
alternating wedge-shaped areas of (x) and funnel shapeareas the (x) rays
phloem
the epidermis is replaced by (x) in wood
periderm
cork cells are no longer
living
geotrophism is shown in
the root cap
vascular cylindar cross is in
dicot
Ring of xylem, alternation of xylemand phloem
monocot
center of parenchyma cells is
pith
hydric roots have no
vascular cylinder
xeric roots hav
velamin
velamin
is white, prevents water loss
ring of vascular bundles
dicot
scatted vascular bundles
monocot
(x) grows together to make rings when plant becomes woody
xylem
when a plant becomes woody, the epidermis is replaced by the
periderm
tree rings (x) when moose are abundant
decrease
