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Biology Lab > Lab 7 > Flashcards

Lab 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

t/f the invertabrates are a monophyletic group

A

false

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2
Q

t/f the branch bilateria is a monophyletic group

A

false

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3
Q

t/f the protostomes are a monophyletic group

A

false

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4
Q

t/f the deuterostomes are a monophyletic group

A

true

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5
Q

t/f the ecysozoans are a monophyletic group

A

true

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6
Q

t/f the lophotrochozoans are a monophyletic group

A

true

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7
Q

the study of evolutionary pattern as determined by character analysis

A

phylogenetics

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8
Q

characters that can be used to diagnose groups of organisms

A

apomorphic

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9
Q

choanoflaggellate tissues

A

absent

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10
Q

porifera tissues

A

absent

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11
Q

cnidaria tissue

A

present

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12
Q

platyhelmiinthyes tissue

A

present

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13
Q

rotifera tissues

A

present

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14
Q

nematoda tissues

A

present

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15
Q

arthropoda tissues

A

present

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16
Q

mollusca tissues

A

present

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17
Q

annelida tissues

A

present

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18
Q

echinodermata tissues

A

present

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19
Q

chordata tissues

A

present

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20
Q

choanoflagellate triploblastic embryo

A

absent

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21
Q

porifera triploblastic embryo

A

absent

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22
Q

cnidaria triploblastic embryo

A

absent

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23
Q

platyhemintheys triploblastic embryo

A

present

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24
Q

rotifera triploblastic embryo

A

present

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25
Q

nematoda triploblastic embryo

A

present

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26
Q

arthropoda triploblastic embryo

A

present

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27
Q

mollusca triploblastic embryo

A

present

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28
Q

annelida triploblastic embryo

A

present

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29
Q

echinodermata triploblastic embryo

A

present

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30
Q

chrodata triploblastic embryo

A

present

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31
Q

choanoflagellates body cavity

A

absent

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32
Q

porifera body cavity

A

absent

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33
Q

cnidaria body cavity

A

absent

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34
Q

platyhelmintheys body cavity

A

absent

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35
Q

rotifera body cavity

A

present

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36
Q

nematoda body cavity

A

present

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37
Q

arthropoda body cavity

A

present

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38
Q

mollusca body cavity

A

present

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39
Q

annelida body cavity

A

present

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40
Q

echinodermata body cavity

A

present

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41
Q

chordata body cavity

A

present

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42
Q

Choanaflagellate complete digestive tract

A

Absent

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43
Q

Porifera complete digestive tract

A

Absent

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44
Q

Cnidaria complete digestive tract

A

Absent

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45
Q

Platyhelmintheys complete digestive tract

A

Absent

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46
Q

Rotifera complete digestive tract

A

Present

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47
Q

Nematoda complete digestive tract

A

Present

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48
Q

Arthropoda complete digestive tract

A

Present

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49
Q

Mollusca complete digestive tract

A

Present

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50
Q

Annelida complete digestive tract

A

Present

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51
Q

Echinodermata complete digestive tract

A

Present

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52
Q

Chordata complete digestive tract

A

Present

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53
Q

Choanaflagellates true coelom

A

Absent

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54
Q

Porifera true coelom

A

Absent

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55
Q

Cnidaria true coelom

A

Absent

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56
Q

Platyhelminthyes true coelom

A

Absent

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57
Q

Rotifera true coelom

A

Absent

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58
Q

Nematoda true coelom

A

Absent

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59
Q

Arthropoda true coelom

A

Present

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60
Q

Mollusca true coelom

A

Present

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61
Q

Annelida true coelom

A

Present

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62
Q

Echinodermata true coelom

A

Present

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63
Q

Chordata true coelom

A

Present

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64
Q

Choanaflagellates blastopore anus

A

Absent

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65
Q

Porifera blastopore anus

A

Absent

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66
Q

Cnidaria blastopore anus

A

Absent

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67
Q

Platyhelminthyes blastopore anus

A

Absent

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68
Q

Rotifera blastopore anus

A

Absent

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69
Q

Nematoda blastopore anus

A

Absent

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70
Q

Arthropoda blastopore anus

A

Absent

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71
Q

Mollusca blastopore anus

A

Absent

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72
Q

Annelida blastopore anus

A

Absent

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73
Q

Echinodermata blastopore anus

A

Present

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74
Q

Chordata blastopore anus

A

Present

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75
Q

Choanaflagellates enterocoely

A

Absent

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76
Q

Porifera eterocoely

A

Absent

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77
Q

Cnidaria enterocoely

A

Absent

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78
Q

Platyhelminthyes enterocoely

A

Absent

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79
Q

Rotifera enterocoely

A

Absent

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80
Q

Nematoda enterocoely

A

Absent

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81
Q

Arhtropoda enterocoely

A

Absent

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82
Q

Annelida enterocoely

A

Absent

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83
Q

Echinodermata enterocoely

A

Present

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84
Q

Chordata enterocoely

A

Present

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85
Q

Choanaflagellates radial and intermediate cleavage

A

Absent

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86
Q

Porifera radial and intermediate cleavage

A

Absent

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87
Q

Cnidaria radial and intermediate cleavage

A

Absent

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88
Q

Platyhelminthyes radial and intermediate cleavage

A

Absent

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89
Q

Rotifera radial and intermediate cleavage

A

Absent

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90
Q

Nematoda radial and intermediate cleavage

A

Absent

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91
Q

Arthropoda radial and intermediate cleavage

A

Absent

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92
Q

Mollusca radial and intermediate cleavage

A

Absent

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93
Q

Annelida radial and intermediate cleavage

A

Absent

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94
Q

Echinodermata radial and intermediate cleavage

A

Present

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95
Q

Chordata radial and intermediate cleavage

A

Present

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96
Q

Choanaflagellates body symmetry

A

Radial

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97
Q

Porifera body symmetry

A

Radial

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98
Q

Cnidaria body symmetry

A

Radial

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99
Q

Platyhelminthyes body symmetry

A

Bilateral

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100
Q

Rotifera body symmetry

A

Bilateral

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101
Q

Nematoda body symmetry

A

Bilateral

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102
Q

Arthropoda body symmetry

A

Bilateral

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103
Q

Mollusca body symmetry

A

Bilateral

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104
Q

Annelida body symmetry

A

Bilateral

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105
Q

Echinodermata body symmetry

A

Bilateral: larva
Radial: adult

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106
Q

Chordata body symmetry

A

Bilateral

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107
Q

Choanaflagellates ecdysis

A

Absent

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108
Q

Porifera ecdysis

A

Absent

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109
Q

Cnidaria ecdysis

A

Absent

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110
Q

Platyhelminthyes ecdysis

A

Absent

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111
Q

Rotifera ecdysis

A

Absent

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112
Q

Nematoda ecdysis

A

Presnet

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113
Q

Arthropoda ecdysis

A

Present

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114
Q

Mollusca ecdysis

A

Absent

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115
Q

Annelida ecdysis

A

Absent

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116
Q

Echinodermata ecdysis

A

Absent

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117
Q

Chordata ecdysis

A

Absent

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118
Q

Choanaflagellates trochophore larvae

A

Absent

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119
Q

Porifera trochophore larvae

A

Absent

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120
Q

Cnidaria trochophore larvae

A

Absent

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121
Q

Platyhelminthyes trochophore larvae

A

Absent

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122
Q

Rotifera trochophore larvae

A

Absent

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123
Q

Nematoda trochophore larvae

A

Abent

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124
Q

Arthropoda trochophore larvae

A

Absent

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125
Q

Mollusca trochophore larvae

A

Present

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126
Q

Annelida trochophore larvae

A

Present

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127
Q

Echnidermata trochophore larvae

A

Absent

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128
Q

Chordata trochophore larvae

A

Absent

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129
Q

Descent with modification

A

Evolution

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130
Q

Descent entails an ancestor and its descendants

A

Genealogy

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131
Q

A change in characteristic or attribute in the descendant relative to the ancestor

A

Modification

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132
Q

Unmodified

A

Ancestral

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133
Q

Modified

A

Derived, descendant

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134
Q

An observable trait of an organism

A

Character

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135
Q

Characters in two or more species are derived from the same structure in a common ancestor; characters used for analysis must be this

A

Homologous

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136
Q

A new or descendant character state

A

Apomorphy

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137
Q

When an apomorphy is found in two or more taxa it is called a

A

Synapomorphy

138
Q

A shared derived trait

A

Synapomorphy

139
Q

Ancestral character state

A

Plesiomorphy

140
Q

A shared ancestral character state

A

Symplesiomoprhy

141
Q

Differentiated cell layers; animals with this may be diplo- or triploblastic

A

Tissue development

142
Q

Animals have three germ layers that form early in embryonic development: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm

A

Triploblastic embryo

143
Q

An internal body space lined either completely or incompletely by mesoderm

A

Body cavity

144
Q

Characterized by the presence of both an oral and an anal orifice.

A

Complete digestive tract

145
Q

Lining of the body cavity is complete in both sides of the body cavity are covered by

A

Complete mesoderm lining

146
Q

In some animals with a complete digestive tract and a complete lining of the mesoderm, this develops into this

A

Blastopore develops into anus

147
Q

In animals with a completely lining of the mesoderm, this development of the coelom if lining occurs via folding and differentiation of cells in the archenteron. The archenteron is the precursor to the lining of the gut formed during gastrulation

A

Enterocoely

148
Q

Gut cavity

A

Archenteron

149
Q

Cell division during animal embryogenesis

A

Cleavage

150
Q

Characterized by planes of cell division that are either parallel or perpendicular to the vertical axis of the embryo.

A

Radial cleavage

151
Q

Characterized by the ability of cells produced in early embryogenesis to develop into complete embryos (this explains twins)

A

Intermediate cleavage

152
Q

Animal body symmetry can be dichotomies as either (x) or (x)

A

Radial or bilateral

153
Q

Some animals shed, at some stage in their development, an exoskeleton or cuticle structure

A

Ecdysis

154
Q

Some animals produce a stage that bears a tuft of flagella/cilia

A

Trochophore larval stage

155
Q

Porifera

A

Sponge

156
Q

Cnidaria

A

Jellyfish

157
Q

Platyhelminthes

A

Flatworms

158
Q

Rotifera

A

Microscopic invertebrate

159
Q

Nematoda

A

Roundworms

160
Q

Mollusca

A

Snails

161
Q

Arthropoda

A

Bugs

162
Q

Annelida

A

Earthworms

163
Q

Echinodermata

A

Sea stars

164
Q

Chordata

A

Reptiles

165
Q

s the process whereby organisms not closely related (not monophyletic), independently evolve similar traits as a result of having to adapt to similar environments or ecological niches

A

Convergent evolution

166
Q

the result of convergent evolution. Birds and bats did not inherit wings from a common ancestor with wings, but they did inherit forelimbs from a common ancestor with forelimbs.

A

Analogous characters

167
Q

the scientific principle that things are usually connected or behave in the simplest or most economical way, especially with reference to alternative evolutionary pathways.

A

Principle of parsimony

168
Q

(of a group of organisms) descended from a common evolutionary ancestor or ancestral group, especially one not shared with any other group.

A

Monophyletic

169
Q

(of a group of organisms) derived from more than one common evolutionary ancestor or ancestral group and therefore not suitable for placing in the same taxon.

A

Polyphyletic

170
Q

Defined as differentiated cell layers

A

Tissue development

171
Q

Tissue development can be

A

Diploblastic or triploblastic

172
Q

Animals have three germ layers that form early in embryonic development

A

Triploblastic embryo

173
Q

Three germ layers

A

Ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm

174
Q

An internal body space lined either completely or incompletely by mesoderm

A

Body cavity

175
Q

Characterized by the presence of both an oral and an anal orifice; some lack this entirely or possess one with a single orifice

A

Complete digestives tract

176
Q

In th3ese animals, it of the body cavity is complete in that both sides of the cavity are covered by the middle germ layer

A

Complete mesoderm lining

177
Q

In some animals with a complete digestive tract and a complete lining of the mesoderm, this formed by gastrulation of the animal embryo ultimately functions as this

A

Blastopore devlops into anus

178
Q

In animals with a complete lining of the mesoderm, this development of the coelomic lining occurs via folding and differentiation of cells in the archenteron. The archenteron is the precursor to the lining of the gut formed during gastrulation

A

Enterocoely

179
Q

Gut cavity

A

Archenteron

180
Q

Cell division during animal embryogenesis

A

Cleavage

181
Q

Characterized by planes of cell division that are either parallele or perpendicular tot he vertical axis of the embryo (other animals may have planes of cell division that are diagonal to eh vertical axis of the embryo)

A

Radial cleavageradial cleavage

182
Q

Characterized by the ability of cells produced in early embryogenesis to develop into complete embryos (this explains the phenomenon of twins in some animals– other animals possess embryonic cells with predetermined fates)

A

Indeterminate cleavage

183
Q

Animal body symmetry can be dichotomies as either

A

Radial or bilateral

184
Q

Some animals shed, at some point in their development, an exoskeletal or cuticle structure

A

Edysis

185
Q

Some animals produce a stage that beards a tuft of flagella/cilia, referred to as

A

Trochophore Larval stage

186
Q

Number of teeth ancestral

A

36

187
Q

Post orbital closure ancestral

A

Open

188
Q

Skull ridge presence ancestral

A

Yes

189
Q

Two skull ridges ancestral

A

Yes

190
Q

Shape of mandible ancestral

A

Shallow

191
Q

Mental foramen location ancestral

A

5

192
Q

Tail ancestral

A

Yes

193
Q

Lemur number of teeth

A

Ancestral 36

194
Q

Howler monkey number of teeth

A

Ancestral 36

195
Q

Gorilla number of teeth

A

Derived 32

196
Q

Human number of teeth

A

Derived 32

197
Q

Woolley monkey number of teeth

A

Ancestral 36

198
Q

Macaque number of teeth

A

Derived 32

199
Q

Chimpanzee number of teeth

A

Derived 32

200
Q

Orangutan number of teeth

A

Derived 32

201
Q

Lemur post orbital closure

A

Ancestral open

202
Q

Howler monkey post orbital closure

A

Derived closed

203
Q

Gorilla post orbital closure

A

Derived closed

204
Q

Human post orbital closure

A

Derived closed

205
Q

Woolly monkey post orbital closure

A

Derived closed

206
Q

Macaque post orbital closure

A

Derived closed

207
Q

Chimpanzee post orbital closure

A

Derived closed

208
Q

Orangutan post orbital closure

A

Derived closed

209
Q

Lemur skull ridge presence

A

Ancestral present

210
Q

Howler monkey skull ridge presence

A

Ancestral present

211
Q

Gorilla skull ridge presence

A

Ancestral present

212
Q

Human skull ridge presence

A

Derived absent

213
Q

Woolly monkey skull ridge presence

A

Ancestral present

214
Q

Macaque skull ridge presence

A

Ancestral present

215
Q

Chimpanzee skull ridge presence

A

Ancestral present

216
Q

Orangutan skull ridge presence

A

Ancestral present

217
Q

Lemur two skull ridges

A

Ancestral present

218
Q

Howler monkey two skull ridges

A

Ancestral present

219
Q

Gorilla two skull ridges

A

Derived absent

220
Q

Human two skull ridges

A

Derived absent

221
Q

Woolly monkey two skull ridges

A

Ancestral present

222
Q

Macaque two skul ridges

A

Ancestral present

223
Q

Chimpanzee two skull ridges

A

Derived absent

224
Q

Orangutan two skull ridges

A

Derived absent

225
Q

Lemur shape for mandible

A

Ancestral shallow

226
Q

Howler monkey shape of mandible

A

Derived deep

227
Q

Gorilla shape of mandible

A

Ancestral shallow

228
Q

Human shape of mandible

A

Ancestral shallow

229
Q

Woolly monkey shape of mandible

A

Derived deep

230
Q

Macaque shape of mandible

A

Ancestral shallow

231
Q

Chimpanzee shape of mandible

A

Ancestral shallow

232
Q

Orangutan shape of mandible

A

Derived deep

233
Q

Lemur mental foramen location

A

Ancestral 5

234
Q

Howler monkey foramen location

A

Derived 4

235
Q

Gorilla mental foramen location

A

Ancestral 5

236
Q

Human mental foramen location

A

Ancestral 5

237
Q

Woolly monkey mental foramen location

A

Derived 4

238
Q

Macaque mental foramen location

A

Ancestral 5

239
Q

Chimpanzee mental foramen location

A

Ancestral 5

240
Q

Orangutan mental foramen location

A

Derived 4

241
Q

Lemur cranial capacity ratio

A

Ancestral

242
Q

Howler cranial capacity ratio

A

Ancestral

243
Q

Gorilla cranial capacity ratio

A

Derived

244
Q

Human cranial capacity ratio

A

Derived

245
Q

Woolly monkey cranial capacity ratio

A

Ancestral

246
Q

Macaque cranial capacity ratio

A

Ancestral

247
Q

Chimpanzee cranial capacity ratio

A

Derived

248
Q

Orangutan cranial capacity ratio

A

Derived

249
Q

Lemur tail

A

Ancestral present

250
Q

Howler monkey tail

A

Ancestral present

251
Q

Gorilla tail

A

Derived absent

252
Q

Human tail

A

Derived absent

253
Q

Woolly monkey tail

A

Ancestral present

254
Q

Macaque tail

A

Ancestral present

255
Q

Chimpanzee tail

A

Derived absent

256
Q

Orangutan tail

A

Derived absent

257
Q

reasons to have a complete digestive system

A

specialization, continuous feeders

258
Q

if mobile, want sensory organs to be

A

in the head

259
Q

if sedatary, want sensory organs to be

A

widely dispersed

260
Q

protostomes have (x) cleavagge

A

spiral and determinate

261
Q

deutrosomes have (x( cleavage

A

radial and indeterminate

262
Q

a muscular, thick-walled part of a bird’s stomach for grinding food, typically with grit.

A

gizzard

263
Q

easiest to make and least energy of nitrogenous waste products

A

ammonia

264
Q

most water used, nitrogenous waste products

A

ammonioa

265
Q

hardest to make of nitrogenous waste products

A

uric acid

266
Q

nitrogenous waste products, least amount of water

A

uric acid

267
Q

internal egg, came about when life went onto land, internal lake

A

amniotic egg

268
Q

amphibian skull joint

A

two

269
Q

mammal skull joint

A

two

270
Q

bird skull joint

A

one

271
Q

lizard skull joint

A

one

272
Q

snake skull joint

A

one

273
Q

turtle skulljoint

A

one

274
Q

alligator skull joint

A

one

275
Q

amphibian hind digits

A

five

276
Q

mammal hind digits

A

five

277
Q

bird hind digits

A

four

278
Q

lizard hind digits

A

five

279
Q

snake hind digits

A

zero

280
Q

turtle hind digits

A

five

281
Q

alligator hind digits

A

four

282
Q

amphibian gizzard

A

absent

283
Q

mammal gizzard

A

absent

284
Q

bird gizzard

A

present

285
Q

lizard gizzard

A

absent

286
Q

snake gizzard

A

absent

287
Q

turtle gizzard

A

absent

288
Q

alligator gizzard

A

present

289
Q

amphibian bladder

A

present

290
Q

mammal bladder

A

present

291
Q

bird bladder

A

absent

292
Q

lizard bladder

A

present

293
Q

snake bladder

A

present

294
Q

turtle bladder

A

present

295
Q

alliagator bladder

A

absetn

296
Q

amphibian wast type

A

urea

297
Q

mammal waste type

A

urea

298
Q

bird waste type

A

urea

299
Q

bird waste type

A

uric acid

300
Q

lizard waste type

A

uric acid

301
Q

snake waste type

A

uric acid

302
Q

turtle waste tyep

A

uric acid

303
Q

alligator waste type

A

uric acid

304
Q

amphibian metabolism

A

ecthothermy

305
Q

mammal metabolism

A

endothermy

306
Q

bird metabolism

A

endothermy

307
Q

lizard metabolism

A

ectothermy

308
Q

snake metabolism

A

ectothermy

309
Q

turtle metabolism

A

ectothermy

310
Q

alligator metabolism

A

ectothermy

311
Q

amphibian egg w/ membrane

A

absent

312
Q

mammal egg w/ membrane

A

present

313
Q

bird egg w/ membrane

A

present

314
Q

lizard egg w/ membrane

A

present

315
Q

snake egg w/ membrane

A

presetn

316
Q

turtle egg w/ membrane

A

present

317
Q

alligator egg w/ membrane

A

prsetn

318
Q

amphibian hemipenis

A

absent

319
Q

mammal hemipenis

A

absetn

320
Q

bird hemipenis

A

absent

321
Q

lizard hemipenis

A

present

322
Q

snake hemipenis

A

present

323
Q

turtle hemipensi

A

absent

324
Q

alligator hemipenis

A

absent

325
Q

amphibian quadrate fusion

A

present

326
Q

mammal quadrate fusion

A

present

327
Q

bird quadrate fusion

A

present

328
Q

lizard quadrate fusion

A

absetn

329
Q

snake quadrate fusion

A

absetn

330
Q

turtle quadrate fusion

A

present

331
Q

alligator quadrate fusion

A

present

332
Q

amphibian temporal holes

A

zero

333
Q

mammal temporal hoels

A

one

334
Q

bird temporal holes

A

two

335
Q

lizard temporal hoels

A

two

336
Q

snake temporal holes

A

two

337
Q

turtle temporal hoels

A

zero

338
Q

alligator temporal hoels

A

two

339
Q

no holese

A

anapsid

340
Q

one hole

A

synapsid

341
Q

two holes

A

diapsid

342
Q

outgroup in animals

A

amphibian

Biology Lab (12 decks)

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