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Biology Lab > Lab 8 > Flashcards

Lab 8 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

In most animals digestion is

A

Extracellulr

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2
Q

4 main tissue types

A

Epithelium, connective, muscular, nervous

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3
Q

Covers body surfaces, lines cavities, forms glands

A

Epithelium

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4
Q

Joins and holds tissues together; supports and protects the body and its organs

A

Connective

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5
Q

Movement

A

Muscular

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6
Q

Receives stimuli and generates nerve impulses

A

Nervous

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7
Q

Shortening of muscles causes

A

Movement

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8
Q

Most common cell type in humans

A

Squamous stratified

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9
Q

More than one layer

A

Stratified

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10
Q

1 layer

A

Simple

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11
Q

Flat and thin, scale

Shaped

A

Squamous

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12
Q

Square shaped

A

Cubodial

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13
Q

Rectangle shaped

A

Columnar

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14
Q

Max exchange, least protective

A

Simple squamos

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15
Q

Look like fried eggs, different shapes, packed tight

A

Simple squamos

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16
Q

Ex: in alveoli

A

Simple squamos

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17
Q

Ex: lines intestines

A

Simple

Columnar

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18
Q

Smallest in body that uses mucus, white empty space

A

Goblet cells

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19
Q

Developing cells

A

Blast

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20
Q

Mature cells

A

Cyste

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21
Q

Breaking down cells

A

Class

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22
Q

Osteo

A

Bone

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23
Q

Widely scattered matrix

A

Connective tissue

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24
Q

Stretchy

A

Elastin

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25
Q

Hair like

A

Elastin

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26
Q

Ropy

A

Collagen

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27
Q

Fat cells

A

Adipose

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28
Q

Looks like chicken wire

A

Adipose

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29
Q

Energy storage, insulation, shock absorption

A

Adipose

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30
Q

Fond in tendons and ligaments

A

Dense regular (fibrous)- collegen

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31
Q

Found on end of bone on joints, frictionless

A

Hyaline cartilage

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32
Q

Most abundant cartilage in the body

A

Hyaline cartilage

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33
Q

Circular patterns

A

Compact bone

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34
Q

Opening in compact bone function

A

Central canal brings blood and nutrients through the bone

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35
Q

Each layer in compact bone

A

Lamela

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36
Q

Blood is a type of

A

Connective tissue

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37
Q

Blood matrix

A

Plasma

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38
Q

90% water, yellow

A

Plasma

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39
Q

Arithmocytes

A

Red blood cell

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40
Q

Carry oxygen

A

Hemoglobin

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41
Q

White blood cells

A

Leukocytes

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42
Q

Attached to bones, voluntary

A

Skeletal

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43
Q

Help digestive

A

Smooth

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44
Q

Found only in heart

A

Cardiac

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45
Q

Uninucelsus, striations, intercalated discs

A

Cardiac

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46
Q

Parts of neurons

A

Axon, cell body, dendrites

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47
Q

Lemurs, lorisoids, tarsiers

A

Prosimians

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48
Q

Monkeys, apes, hominins

A

Simians

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49
Q

Wet noses primates; lemur and lorisoid prosimians

A

Strepsirrhini

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50
Q

Dry noses primates; tarsiers and simians

A

Haplorhini

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51
Q

Madagascar; tooth comb

A

Lemur

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52
Q

Central and South America; prehensile tails; trichromatic color vision

A

Alouatta, howler monkey

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53
Q

Central Africa, largest primate, knuckleballers, silverback makes

A

Gorillas

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54
Q

Northern South Africa, prehensile tails

A

Lagothrix, woolly monkey

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55
Q

S Asia to n Africa

A

Macaca, macaque

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56
Q

W and central Africa, knucklewalkers

A

Pan, chimpanzee

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57
Q

Indonesia, Malaysia, fist walkers, males have cheek flaps

A

Pongo, orangutan

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58
Q

Teeth parallel to table top

A

Shallow

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59
Q

Foramen

A

Hole

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60
Q

Mental

A

Chin

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61
Q

Cells of similar structure and function make up

A

Tissue

62
Q

Group of tissues integrated to form an

A

Organ

63
Q

Organized through the interaction of several organs in the performance of a defined function

A

Organ system

64
Q

Several organ systems

A

Organism

65
Q

Covers all body surfaces internally and externally. Formed tight together to form a continuous barrier; protection, absorption, sensation, secretion

A

Epithelial

66
Q

Epithelial tissue can be

A

squamos, cubodial, columnar

67
Q

Covering of the ovaries, ducts of glands; functions in both absorption and secretion

A

Simple cubodial epithelium

68
Q

Lines digestive tract; secretion, absorption, protection.

A

Simple columnar epithelium

69
Q

Found in simple columnar epithelium, clear case dshaoed interior; unicellular glands and secrete mucus onto the epithelial surface to lubricate and promote the movement of materials

A

Goblet cells

70
Q

Found In areas subject to abrasion and friction

A

Stratified epithelium

71
Q

Found in lining of mouth and esophagus

A

Stratified squamos

72
Q

Characterized by having a relatively small number of cells associated with large amounts of intercellular material

A

Connective tissue

73
Q

Secreted by the cells of connective tissue and imparts many of the characteristics of particular connective tissue

A

Intercellular matrix

74
Q

May be a solid, gel, or liquid plus protein fibers. Varies with the type of connective tissue.

A

Ground substance

75
Q

Chondro

A

Cartilage

76
Q

One of the most abundant tissues in the body. Composed of variety of cells such as macrophages and mast cells, types of white blood cells in the immune system. All three types of fiber are present. Loose connective tissue. Found in membranes that line cavities an hold skin to underlying muscle tissue

A

Areolar tissue

77
Q

Connective tissue cell

A

Fibrocyte

78
Q

Store lipids in large vesicles

A

Adipocytes

79
Q

arrangement of fibers are parallel

A

regular

80
Q

arrangement of fibers are random

A

irregular

81
Q

intersereced among the fibers

A

fibrocytes

82
Q

this type of dense fibrous connective tissue with collagen fibers is very strong and makes up tendons and ligaments

A

regular

83
Q

connects muscle ot bone

A

tendon

84
Q

connecting bone to bone

A

ligaments

85
Q

this type of dense fibrous connective tissue forms ht esecond layer of the ksin, covering for muscles and organs

A

irregualr

86
Q

supportive connective tissue with a rubbery matrix

A

cartilage

87
Q

isolated in cavities called lacunae in the intercellular matrix

A

chondrocytes

88
Q

most common type of cartilage that covers the end of bone at joints

A

hyaline cartilage

89
Q

matrix is filled with collagen fibers and has smooth, milky appearange

A

htaline cartilage

90
Q

support and protection with a matrix hardened by deposits of calcium phosphate

A

bone

91
Q

functions as a site of blood formation and the matrix of bone is a resevoir for minerals such as calcium a nd phosporous that the body can draw on for physiological processes usch as nerve transmission and blood clotting

A

bone marrow

92
Q

two types of bones

A

compact and cancellous (spongy)

93
Q

cancellous bone is found

A

at the ends

94
Q

compact bone is found

A

shaft

95
Q

the basic unit in ground bone

A

osteon

96
Q

concentric layers in osteon

A

lamellae

97
Q

consists of concentric layers of matrix arranged around a central canal

A

osteon

98
Q

delivers blood with nutrients and oxygen to the bone cells

A

central canal

99
Q

bone cells

A

osteocytes

100
Q

located in lacunae

A

osteocytes

101
Q

tinyt channels through the matrix that allow cytoplasmic processes on the osteocytes to connect with aeach other even though they are seemingly separated in lacunae

A

canaliculi

102
Q

storage, transport, immunity

A

blood

103
Q

blood is consisted of these cells

A

formed elements and liquid matrix of yellow plasma

104
Q

55 percent of blood is

A

plasma

105
Q

is 92 percent water and contains proteins, plus 1 percent of nutrients, gases, electrolytes, hormones, enzymes, and waste material

A

plasma

106
Q

red blood cells

A

erthrocytes

107
Q

most numerous of all blood cells and functioin int he transport of oxygen

A

erthrocytes

108
Q

blood is red due to

A

hemoglobin

109
Q

shape of red blood cells is

A

biconcave disc

110
Q

white blood cells

A

leukocytes

111
Q

function in athe defense against disease

A

leukocytes

112
Q

containing numerous granules in the cytoplasm

A

granulocytes

113
Q

lacking noticeable cytoplasmic granules

A

agranulocytes

114
Q

2-5 lobed purple nucleus with thin strands connecting each lobe; granulocytes; cytoplasm is filled with pink-stained granules; most numerou sleukocyte found in normal blood

A

neutrophil

115
Q

a bilobed purple nucleus and numerous red-stained granules in the cytoplasm

A

eosinphil

116
Q

characterized by a purple bi-lobed nucleus which is almost hidden by the presense of many, large blue stained cytoplasmic granules

A

basohils

117
Q

two types of agranulocytes

A

monocytes and lymphocytes

118
Q

second most common type of leukocyte

A

lymphocytes

119
Q

slightly larger than an erthrocyte and are nucleated witha large nucleus filling up most of the cytoplasm; produce antibodies, immune proteins

A

lymphocytes

120
Q

2-3 times larger than an erythrocyte with a nucleus which varies from round to kidney shaped

A

monocytes

121
Q

movement results from contractioin of these cells

A

muscle tissue

122
Q

these are very long and narrow cells and are referred to as fibers

A

muscle cells

123
Q

three types of muscles

A

skeletal, smooth, cardiac

124
Q

large, long multinucleate rods; nuclei are oval shaped and can be found along the periphery of the fibers

A

sksletals

125
Q

striated because the cells whow alternating dark and light bands as a result of the configuration of contractile proteins within the fiber; fibers are parellel to each other

A

skeletal muscle

126
Q

capable of acting quickly with considerable force over a short period of time; volunatary; attatched to bones

A

skeletal muscle

127
Q

tissue found only in the vertebrate heart where it function sto supply the pumping action of the heart

A

cardiac muscle

128
Q

uninucleate, involuntary, striated; capable of initiaing itw own rhythmic contractions; joined to each other by darker cross bands, actually gap junctions

A

cardiac muscle

129
Q

gap junctions joined together by darker bands

A

intercalated disks

130
Q

Short, spindle shapes (thick in middle and taperin ends) and uninucleate; lacks striations

A

Smooth muscle

131
Q

Visceral muscle

A

Smooth

132
Q

Performs functions like peristalsis and vasoconstriction; slow acting; involuntary

A

Smooth

133
Q

Highly specialized; when stimulated, it is capable of transmitting a signal or impulse form one cell to another or to a muscle or gland

A

Nervous tissue

134
Q

Single nerve cell

A

Neuron

135
Q

Each neuron is consisted of

A

Cell ody, dendrites, and axons

136
Q

Carry the nerve impulse toward the cell body

A

Dendrites

137
Q

Carry the impulses away from the cell body

A

Axon

138
Q

Nerve fibers

A

Axons

139
Q

Can have more than one dendrite but only one axon; dendrites are shorter

A

Neuron

140
Q

Neurons carrying impulses from the sense organs to the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) are referred to as

A

Sensory neurons

141
Q

Those conducting impulses toward the muscles and other effector organs are

A

Motor neurons

142
Q

Usually restricted to the central nervous system, and conduct impulses between sensory and motor neurons

A

Association neurons

143
Q

Collection of neurons

A

Nerve

144
Q

max exchange

A

thin squamos

145
Q

max protection

A

thick columnar

146
Q

nucleus at ends

A

columnar

147
Q

look at (x) for shape

A

top

148
Q

anything long and thin is

A

fibers

149
Q

cells called fibroblasts, makes up membranes

A

areolar tissue

150
Q

connective tissue cells

A

fibroblasts

151
Q

enery, insulation, shock aborbance

A

adipose, adipocytes

152
Q

little dark dots on osteons

A

caniculi

Biology Lab (12 decks)

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