Lab 7. Pasteurella Flashcards
Pasteurellaceae genera:
Genera:
- Pasteurella
- Mannheimia
- Bibersteinia
- Actinobacillus
- Haemophilus
- Avibacterium
- Histophilus
- Gallibacterium
Other genera resembling Family Pasteurellaceae:
- Ornithobacterium
- Riemerella
- Taylorella
Pasteurellaceae
- Habitat, morphology, staining and culture:
Habitat:
- mucous membranes (respiratory way, genitals, alimentary tract)
Morphology:
- 0.5-2 um coccoid rods
Staining:
- Gram negative
- Bipolar staining
Culture:
- fastidious (yeast extract, blood, pH-susceptibility)
- aerobic - facultative anaerobic
Pasteurellaceae
- Biochemistry, antigens, resistance and pathogenicity
Biochemistry:
- catalase +, oxidase -, fermentative,
- toxin production by some species
Antigens:
- cell wall antigens
- capsule antigens
Resistance:
- weak
Pathogenicity:
- facultative pathogens
Pasteurella
- Culture:
Fastidious
- blood agar
- yeast extract
- pH susceptibility
Colony types
- M-S-R colonies
Smell
Pasteurella
- Biochemistry
Catalase +, oxidase -, fermentative
cytotoxin production
- P. multocida D:
–> dermonecrotoxin: damage of the osteoblasts
- P. multocida subspecies:
–> biochemical differences
Pasteurella
- Antigens, resistance
Antigens:
- P. multocida
- Cell wall:
–> 16: Heddleston system
–> 11: Namioka system
- capsule:
–> A, B, D, E, F
Resistance: weak
Pasteurella
- Pathogenicity:
P. multocida A, D:
- ruminants, swine pneumonia
- rabbit septicaemia, pneumonia
- fowl cholera
P. multocida D: atrophic rhinitis of swine
P. multocida B, E: haemorrhagic septicaemia
P. pneumotropica: lab. rodents pneumonia, dog, cat oral cavity
P. aerogenes: alimentary tract of swine, abortion
P. canis, P. dagmatis, P. stomatis: dog, cat oral cavity, bite
P. caballi: horse respiratory infection
Mannheimia, Bibersteinia:
- Culture, resistance
Culture:
- fastidious
–> blood agar, yeast extract, pH-susceptibility
–> b- hemolysis
Resistance: weak
Mannheimia, Bibersteinia
- Biochemistry, antigens
Biochemistry:
- catalase +, oxidase +, fermentative
- leukotoxin production: damage of macrophages and endothelial cells
Antigens:
- cell wall (cannot be used in diagnostics)
- capsule (M. haemolytica and B. trehalosi have common system)
–> M. haemolytica 12 types
–> B. trehalosi 4 types
Mannheimia, Bibersteinia:
- pathogenicity
M. haemolytica:
- ruminants pneumonia
- lamb septicaemia
- mastitis, arthritis
B. trehalosi:
- acute systemic pasteurellosis of feedlot lambs
Actinobacillus
- Species
- A. lignieresii
- A. equuli
- A. suis
- A. seminis
- A. ureae
- A. pleuropneumoniae
A. lignieresii
- habitat, morphology, staining, culture
Habitat:
- cattle, sheep oral cavity, rumen, gut
Morphology:
- 1-1.2 um rods, filaments
- sulphur granules in lesions (like: actinomycosis)
Staining:
- gram-negative, bipolar
Culture:
- aerobic, facultative anaerobic
- poor growth on nutrient agar
- sticks to the agar
A. lignieresii
- Biochemistry, antigens, resistance, pathogenicity
Biochemistry:
- catalase +, oxidase +, fermentative
Antigens:
- cell wall antigens: 6 serogroups
Resistance: weak
Pathogenicity:
- cattle, sheep, swine actinobacillosis
A. equuli
- Habitat, morphology, staining, culture
Habitat:
- horse, swine alimentary tract, tonsils, respiratory tract
Morphology:
- 1-2 um rod, filaments
Staining:
- gram negative
Culture:
- large, viscous colonies
- some strains can haemolyse
A. equuli
- resistance, subspecies, pathogenicity
Resistance: weak
Subspecies, pathogenicity:
- A. equuli subsp. equuli
- A. equuli subsp. haemolyticus
- both subspecies cause the same disease
–> foal: septicaemia, nephritis, pneumonia, arthritis
–> adult horse: pyosepticaemia
–> swine: septicaemia, arthritis
A. suis:
- Habitat, staining, morphology, culture, pathogenicity
Habitat:
- swine mucous membranes (respiratory and genital tract)
Staining, morphology:
- gram negative, middle sized rods
Culture:
- blood agar, b-hemolysis
Pathogenicity:
- Swine (grower, adult): pneumonia, septicaemia, metritis, abortion, arthritis
- suckling piglet: septicaemia
A. seminis
- habitat, culture, pathogenicity
Habitat:
- mucous membrane of the genial tract of rams and bocks, semen
culture:
- 10 % CO2 blood agar
Pathogenicity:
- facultative pathogenic, inflammation of the accessory glands, epididymitis, abortion
A. ureae
- habitat, pathogenicity
Habitat:
- human respiratory way
Pathogenicity:
- human upper respiratory infection
A. pleuropneumoniae
- Habitat, Morphology
Habitat:
- mucous membranes of the respiratory tract of swine
Morphology:
- coocoid, short rods, some strains have fimbria
A. pleuropneumoniae
- culture
- fastidious
- b-hemolysis
- blood agar, chocolate agar with yeast extract
- biotypes: NAD (V factor) demand
–> biotype 1: V-factor demand: satellitism, NAD, fresh yeast extract
–> Biotype 2: V-factor is not needed
A. pleuropneumoniae
- biochemistry, antigens, resistance, pathogenicity
Biochemistry:
- Apx I-II-III-IV cytotoxin produced
–> damage of macrophages and endothelial cells
Antigens:
- 18 serogroups
Resistance: weak
Pathogenicity:
- swine haemorrhagic-necrotic pleuropneumonia
Haemophilus
- habitat, morphology, staining
Habitat:
- mucous membranes of humans and animals (respiratory, genital)
Morphology:
- 0.5-2 um coccoid rods, filaments, (fimbria)
Staining:
- Gram negative
Haemophilus
- Culture
- fastidious
- chocolate agar
- additives:
–> haem (X-factor): blood
–> NAD (V-factor): satellitism, NAD, fresh yeast extract
- some species need 10-15% CO2
Haemophilus
- biochemistry, antigens, resistance, pathogenicity
Biochemistry:
- examination is difficult
Antigens:
- cell wall antigens
- capsule antigens
Resistance: weak
Pathogenicity:
- facultative pathogenic
Haemophilus
- species
H. influenzae:
- guman upper respiratory ways
- meningitis
H. parasuis:
- V-factor demand
- 15 serotypes
- porcine polyserositis (Glasser´s disease)
Histophilus
- species names, habitat, staining, morphology, culture
Species name?:
- Histofilus somni (Haemophilus somnus, histophilus ovis, Haemophilus agni)
Habitat:
- urogenital mucous membranes, respiratory way
Staining, morphology:
- gram negative, short rods
Culture:
- fastidious
- X, V factor not needed
- CO2 demand
Histophilus
- Pathogenicity
Facultative pathogenic
Cattle:
- calf pneumonia
- septicaemia,
- thromboembolic meningoencephalitis (TEME)
- abortion, mastitis
Sheep:
- epididymitis-orchitis
- abortion
- mastitis
- lamb septicaemia
Avibacterium
- Habitat, morphology, staining, culture
Habitat:
- respiratory mucous membrane
Morphology:
- 0.5-2 um coccoid rods, filaments
Staining:
- gram negative
Culture:
- fastidious
- V-factor demand is variable
- some species need CO2
Avibacterium
- species
Avibacterium (Haemophilius) paragallinarum:
- CO2 and V-factor are needed
- 3 serogroups, 9 subgroups
- infectious coryza of hens
A. gallinarum
- V-factor is not needed
- mild respiratory disease in hens
A. avium
- V-factor is needed
- saprophyte, sometimes mild respiratory disease in hens
Other genera having shared characteristics with the family Pasteurellaceae:
- Ornithobacterium
- Rimerella
- Taylorella
Ornithobacterium
- habitat, morpholoy, staining
Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale
Habitat:
- some bird species (turkey, chicken) upper respiratory ways
Morphology:
- 1-3 um rods
Staining:
- Gram negative
- bipolar
Ornithobacterium
- culture, biochemistry, resistance, pathogenicity
Culture:
- fastidious, blood agar
- 10% CO2
Biochemistry:
- catalase -, oxidase +
Resistance: weak
Pathogenicity:
- facultative pathogenic
- turkey, chicken bronchitis, upper respiratory infection
Riemerella
- habitat, morphology, staining
Riemerella anatipestifer
Habitat:
- water fowl, upper respiratory ways
Morphology:
- 1-3 um rods
Staining:
- gram negative, bipolar
Riemerella
- culture, biochemistry, resistance, pathogenicity
Culture:
- fastidious
- blood agar, chocolate agar
- 10% CO2
Biochemistry:
- extracellular enzymes
- proteolytic
Resistance: weak
Pathogenicity:
- facultative pathogenic
- anatipestifer disease in water fowl
Taylorella
- habitat, morphology, staining, culture, pathogenicity
Tayorella (Haemophilus) equigenitalis
Habitat:
- stallions: genital mucous membranes
- clitoris of mares
Morphology:
- gram negatice coccoid rods, filaments
Culture:
- fastidious
- X and V factor not needed, CO2-demand
Pathogenicity:
- CEM: contagious equine metritis
Identification of an unknown bacterium, steps:
- inoculation of an appropriate media
- selection of suspected colonies, production of pure cultures
- examination of cultural characteristics and colony morphology
- primary tests
- secondary tests
- identification of the bacterium
- examination of the genome if necessary
- examination of antibiotic resistance
Identification of an unknown bacterium culture
- primary and secondary tests
- Primary tests:
- Gram staining, spores
- examination of movement
- catalase production
- oxidase production
- oxidative - fermentative test (glucose, aerobic/anaerobic prop.)
- identification of the genus or family - Secondary tests:
- examination of enzymes and products of the carbohydrate metabolism
- examination of enzymes and products of the nitrogen metabolism
- detection of extra cellular enzymes
