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Bacteriology > Lab 7. Pasteurella > Flashcards

Lab 7. Pasteurella Flashcards

1
Q

Pasteurellaceae genera:

A

Genera:

  • Pasteurella
  • Mannheimia
  • Bibersteinia
  • Actinobacillus
  • Haemophilus
  • Avibacterium
  • Histophilus
  • Gallibacterium

Other genera resembling Family Pasteurellaceae:

  • Ornithobacterium
  • Riemerella
  • Taylorella
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2
Q

Pasteurellaceae

  • Habitat, morphology, staining and culture:
A

Habitat:

  • mucous membranes (respiratory way, genitals, alimentary tract)

Morphology:

  • 0.5-2 um coccoid rods

Staining:

  • Gram negative
  • Bipolar staining

Culture:

  • fastidious (yeast extract, blood, pH-susceptibility)
  • aerobic - facultative anaerobic
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3
Q

Pasteurellaceae

  • Biochemistry, antigens, resistance and pathogenicity
A

Biochemistry:

  • catalase +, oxidase -, fermentative,
  • toxin production by some species

Antigens:

  • cell wall antigens
  • capsule antigens

Resistance:

  • weak

Pathogenicity:

  • facultative pathogens
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4
Q

Pasteurella

  • Culture:
A

Fastidious

  • blood agar
  • yeast extract
  • pH susceptibility

Colony types

  • M-S-R colonies

Smell

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5
Q

Pasteurella

  • Biochemistry
A

Catalase +, oxidase -, fermentative

cytotoxin production

  • P. multocida D:

–> dermonecrotoxin: damage of the osteoblasts

  • P. multocida subspecies:

–> biochemical differences

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6
Q

Pasteurella

  • Antigens, resistance
A

Antigens:

  • P. multocida
  • Cell wall:

–> 16: Heddleston system

–> 11: Namioka system

  • capsule:

–> A, B, D, E, F

Resistance: weak

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7
Q

Pasteurella

  • Pathogenicity:
A

P. multocida A, D:

  • ruminants, swine pneumonia
  • rabbit septicaemia, pneumonia
  • fowl cholera

P. multocida D: atrophic rhinitis of swine

P. multocida B, E: haemorrhagic septicaemia

P. pneumotropica: lab. rodents pneumonia, dog, cat oral cavity

P. aerogenes: alimentary tract of swine, abortion

P. canis, P. dagmatis, P. stomatis: dog, cat oral cavity, bite

P. caballi: horse respiratory infection

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8
Q

Mannheimia, Bibersteinia:

  • Culture, resistance
A

Culture:

  • fastidious

–> blood agar, yeast extract, pH-susceptibility

–> b- hemolysis

Resistance: weak

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9
Q

Mannheimia, Bibersteinia

  • Biochemistry, antigens
A

Biochemistry:

  • catalase +, oxidase +, fermentative
  • leukotoxin production: damage of macrophages and endothelial cells

Antigens:

  • cell wall (cannot be used in diagnostics)
  • capsule (M. haemolytica and B. trehalosi have common system)

–> M. haemolytica 12 types

–> B. trehalosi 4 types

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10
Q

Mannheimia, Bibersteinia:

  • pathogenicity
A

M. haemolytica:

  • ruminants pneumonia
  • lamb septicaemia
  • mastitis, arthritis

B. trehalosi:

  • acute systemic pasteurellosis of feedlot lambs
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11
Q

Actinobacillus

  • Species
A
  • A. lignieresii
  • A. equuli
  • A. suis
  • A. seminis
  • A. ureae
  • A. pleuropneumoniae
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12
Q

A. lignieresii

  • habitat, morphology, staining, culture
A

Habitat:

  • cattle, sheep oral cavity, rumen, gut

Morphology:

  • 1-1.2 um rods, filaments
  • sulphur granules in lesions (like: actinomycosis)

Staining:

  • gram-negative, bipolar

Culture:

  • aerobic, facultative anaerobic
  • poor growth on nutrient agar
  • sticks to the agar
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13
Q

A. lignieresii

  • Biochemistry, antigens, resistance, pathogenicity
A

Biochemistry:

  • catalase +, oxidase +, fermentative

Antigens:

  • cell wall antigens: 6 serogroups

Resistance: weak

Pathogenicity:

  • cattle, sheep, swine actinobacillosis
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14
Q

A. equuli

  • Habitat, morphology, staining, culture
A

Habitat:

  • horse, swine alimentary tract, tonsils, respiratory tract

Morphology:

  • 1-2 um rod, filaments

Staining:

  • gram negative

Culture:

  • large, viscous colonies
  • some strains can haemolyse
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15
Q

A. equuli

  • resistance, subspecies, pathogenicity
A

Resistance: weak

Subspecies, pathogenicity:

  • A. equuli subsp. equuli
  • A. equuli subsp. haemolyticus
  • both subspecies cause the same disease

–> foal: septicaemia, nephritis, pneumonia, arthritis

–> adult horse: pyosepticaemia

–> swine: septicaemia, arthritis

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16
Q

A. suis:

  • Habitat, staining, morphology, culture, pathogenicity
A

Habitat:

  • swine mucous membranes (respiratory and genital tract)

Staining, morphology:

  • gram negative, middle sized rods

Culture:

  • blood agar, b-hemolysis

Pathogenicity:

  • Swine (grower, adult): pneumonia, septicaemia, metritis, abortion, arthritis
  • suckling piglet: septicaemia
17
Q

A. seminis

  • habitat, culture, pathogenicity
A

Habitat:

  • mucous membrane of the genial tract of rams and bocks, semen

culture:

  • 10 % CO2 blood agar

Pathogenicity:

  • facultative pathogenic, inflammation of the accessory glands, epididymitis, abortion
18
Q

A. ureae

  • habitat, pathogenicity
A

Habitat:

  • human respiratory way

Pathogenicity:

  • human upper respiratory infection
19
Q

A. pleuropneumoniae

  • Habitat, Morphology
A

Habitat:

  • mucous membranes of the respiratory tract of swine

Morphology:

  • coocoid, short rods, some strains have fimbria
20
Q

A. pleuropneumoniae

  • culture
A
  • fastidious
  • b-hemolysis
  • blood agar, chocolate agar with yeast extract
  • biotypes: NAD (V factor) demand

–> biotype 1: V-factor demand: satellitism, NAD, fresh yeast extract

–> Biotype 2: V-factor is not needed

21
Q

A. pleuropneumoniae

  • biochemistry, antigens, resistance, pathogenicity
A

Biochemistry:

  • Apx I-II-III-IV cytotoxin produced

–> damage of macrophages and endothelial cells

Antigens:

  • 18 serogroups

Resistance: weak

Pathogenicity:

  • swine haemorrhagic-necrotic pleuropneumonia
22
Q

Haemophilus

  • habitat, morphology, staining
A

Habitat:

  • mucous membranes of humans and animals (respiratory, genital)

Morphology:

  • 0.5-2 um coccoid rods, filaments, (fimbria)

Staining:

  • Gram negative
23
Q

Haemophilus

  • Culture
A
  • fastidious
  • chocolate agar
  • additives:

–> haem (X-factor): blood

–> NAD (V-factor): satellitism, NAD, fresh yeast extract

  • some species need 10-15% CO2
24
Q

Haemophilus

  • biochemistry, antigens, resistance, pathogenicity
A

Biochemistry:

  • examination is difficult

Antigens:

  • cell wall antigens
  • capsule antigens

Resistance: weak

Pathogenicity:

  • facultative pathogenic
25
Q

Haemophilus

  • species
A

H. influenzae:

  • guman upper respiratory ways
  • meningitis

H. parasuis:

  • V-factor demand
  • 15 serotypes
  • porcine polyserositis (Glasser´s disease)
26
Q

Histophilus

  • species names, habitat, staining, morphology, culture
A

Species name?:

  • Histofilus somni (Haemophilus somnus, histophilus ovis, Haemophilus agni)

Habitat:

  • urogenital mucous membranes, respiratory way

Staining, morphology:

  • gram negative, short rods

Culture:

  • fastidious
  • X, V factor not needed
  • CO2 demand
27
Q

Histophilus

  • Pathogenicity
A

Facultative pathogenic

Cattle:

  • calf pneumonia
  • septicaemia,
  • thromboembolic meningoencephalitis (TEME)
  • abortion, mastitis

Sheep:

  • epididymitis-orchitis
  • abortion
  • mastitis
  • lamb septicaemia
28
Q

Avibacterium

  • Habitat, morphology, staining, culture
A

Habitat:

  • respiratory mucous membrane

Morphology:

  • 0.5-2 um coccoid rods, filaments

Staining:

  • gram negative

Culture:

  • fastidious
  • V-factor demand is variable
  • some species need CO2
29
Q

Avibacterium

  • species
A

Avibacterium (Haemophilius) paragallinarum:

  • CO2 and V-factor are needed
  • 3 serogroups, 9 subgroups
  • infectious coryza of hens

A. gallinarum

  • V-factor is not needed
  • mild respiratory disease in hens

A. avium

  • V-factor is needed
  • saprophyte, sometimes mild respiratory disease in hens
30
Q

Other genera having shared characteristics with the family Pasteurellaceae:

A
  • Ornithobacterium
  • Rimerella
  • Taylorella
31
Q

Ornithobacterium

  • habitat, morpholoy, staining
A

Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale

Habitat:

  • some bird species (turkey, chicken) upper respiratory ways

Morphology:

  • 1-3 um rods

Staining:

  • Gram negative
  • bipolar
32
Q

Ornithobacterium

  • culture, biochemistry, resistance, pathogenicity
A

Culture:

  • fastidious, blood agar
  • 10% CO2

Biochemistry:

  • catalase -, oxidase +

Resistance: weak

Pathogenicity:

  • facultative pathogenic
  • turkey, chicken bronchitis, upper respiratory infection
33
Q

Riemerella

  • habitat, morphology, staining
A

Riemerella anatipestifer

Habitat:

  • water fowl, upper respiratory ways

Morphology:

  • 1-3 um rods

Staining:

  • gram negative, bipolar
34
Q

Riemerella

  • culture, biochemistry, resistance, pathogenicity
A

Culture:

  • fastidious
  • blood agar, chocolate agar
  • 10% CO2

Biochemistry:

  • extracellular enzymes
  • proteolytic

Resistance: weak

Pathogenicity:

  • facultative pathogenic
  • anatipestifer disease in water fowl
35
Q

Taylorella

  • habitat, morphology, staining, culture, pathogenicity
A

Tayorella (Haemophilus) equigenitalis

Habitat:

  • stallions: genital mucous membranes
  • clitoris of mares

Morphology:

  • gram negatice coccoid rods, filaments

Culture:

  • fastidious
  • X and V factor not needed, CO2-demand

Pathogenicity:

  • CEM: contagious equine metritis
36
Q

Identification of an unknown bacterium, steps:

A
  1. inoculation of an appropriate media
  2. selection of suspected colonies, production of pure cultures
  3. examination of cultural characteristics and colony morphology
  4. primary tests
  5. secondary tests
  6. identification of the bacterium
  7. examination of the genome if necessary
  8. examination of antibiotic resistance
37
Q

Identification of an unknown bacterium culture

    1. primary and secondary tests
A
  1. Primary tests:
    - Gram staining, spores
    - examination of movement
    - catalase production
    - oxidase production
    - oxidative - fermentative test (glucose, aerobic/anaerobic prop.)
    - identification of the genus or family
  2. Secondary tests:
    - examination of enzymes and products of the carbohydrate metabolism
    - examination of enzymes and products of the nitrogen metabolism
    - detection of extra cellular enzymes

Bacteriology (10 decks)

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