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Bacteriology > Lab 4 > Flashcards

Lab 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Mycobacterium:

  • Habitat
  • Morphology
A

Habitat:

  • Infected host –> obligate pathogens
  • Enviroment –> facultative pathogens, saprophytes. Soil, water, plants. Good resistance, survives in the soil.

Morphology:

  • rods, coccoid, branching filaments
  • cell structure –> cell wall peptidoglycan

–> mycolic acids, lipids + waxes (lipid content of the cell wall makes the bacterium very resistant), surface proteins = virulence factors.

  • species differences
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2
Q

Mycobacterium:

  • staining
A
  1. Gram positive (can not be stained with typical Gram + staining because of the lipid layer, Crystal Violet will not get through the cell wall)
  2. Ziehl-neelsen positive

–> fuchin: binds to lipids

–> acid and alcohol fast

  1. fluorescence dyes
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3
Q

Mycobacterium:

  • Ziehl-Neelsen staining
A
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4
Q

Mycobacterium:

  • culture
A
  • slow replication time –> selective isolation
  • Obligate aerobic
  • Broth (synthetic media, no serum, no blood)

–> Henley, Sauton (cord formation)

  • Solid:

–> Egg (Kertai, Dorset, Petragnani), serum agar, glycerine potato.

  • Selective:

–> Petragnani (malachite green), Inoculation after acid or alkaline treatment (will kill all the other bacteria except the mycobacterium)

  • M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis needs mycobactin
  • animal trial (guinea pig, rabbit, pigeon)
  • incubation tie, growth characteristics (species differences)
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5
Q

Mycobacterium:

  • Cultural differences, tabell
A
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6
Q

Mycobacterium:

  • Biochemistry
  • Antigens
A

Biochemistry:

  • (Catalase -?) not examined in diagnostic work

Antigens:

  1. Glycolipids, lipoproteins
    - several shared antigens (present in different species) –> cross reactions
    - close relationship of antigens
    - immuno-electrophoresis
  2. Tuberculin
    - Old tuberculin: inoculated in the animal –> if positive = reaction
    - –> broth culture, boiled, filtered, concentrated
    - PPD (Purified Protein Derivate)
    - –> Trichloroacetic acid percipitation: proteins will be percipitated –> proteins used for diagnostics.
    - antigen extract: diagnosis
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7
Q

Mycobacterium:

  • resistance
  • pathogenicity
A

Resistance:

  • Excellent!

Pathogenicity:

  • obligate pathogens: tuberculosis, paratuberculosis
  • facultative pathogens (atypical): mycobacteriosis
  • Saprophytes: can not cause disease
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8
Q

Mycobacterium:

  • species
A

Allocation into species:

  • morphology
  • culture
  • biochemistry
  • genome structure: 16S rRNA
  • pathogenicity

Genogroups (complexes):

  • M. tuberculosis-complex
  • M. avium-complex
  • M.leprae, M.lepraemurium
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9
Q

Mycobacterium:

  • M. tuberculosis complex
A
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10
Q

Mycobacterium:

  • pathogenic mycobacteria
A
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11
Q

Mycobacterium:

  • M. laprae, M.lepraemurium
A
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12
Q

Mycobacterium:

  • Facultative pathogens (atypical)
A
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13
Q

Nocardia:

  • Habitat
  • Morphology
  • Staining
A

Habitat:

  • soil

Morphology:

  • long, branced filaments, rods
  • cell wall: mycolic acids

Staining:

  • gram +
  • irregular staining
  • slightly acid fast (with Ziehl Neelsen we can se acid resistance)
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14
Q

Nocardia:

  • culture
A
  • obligate aerobic
  • carotenoid pigment is produced (yellow, red, pink)
  • aerial filaments
  • replication: framentation of filaments
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15
Q

Nocardia:

  • pathogenicity
A
  • Facultative pathogens
  • local lesions (wounds are sometimes needed)
  • N. asteroides:

–> Cattle: chronic suppuration, skin, subcutaneous, mastitis

–> Dog: generalised nocardiosis

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16
Q

Actinomycetaceae:

  • family
A

Genera:

  • actinomyces
  • trueperella
  • actinobaculum
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17
Q

Actinomycetaceae (Actinomyces, Trueperella, Actinobaculum):

  • habitat
  • morphology
  • staining
A

Habitat:

  • mucous membranes

Morphology: (similar to Mycobacterium)

  • heterogenous morphology: rods, curved rods, filaments

Staining:

  • Gram +
18
Q

Actinomycetaceae (Actinomyces, Trueperella, Actinobaculum):

  • culture
  • pathogenicity
A

Culture:

  • fastidiouss (need good media): blood agar
  • oxygen: anaerobic, microaerophilic, facultative anaerobic
  • haemolysis (in some species)

Pathogenicity:

  • facultative pathogens
19
Q

Actinomyces:

  • habitat
  • morphology
  • culture
A

Habitat:

  • mucous membranes (oral cavity, alimentary tract, genitals)

Morphology:

  • rods, filaments, sulphur granules

Culture:

  • anaerobic (aerotolerant)
  • blood agar
20
Q

Actinomyces:

  • species
A
21
Q

Trueperella (arcanobacterium):

  • Habitat
  • Morphology
  • culture
A

Habitat:

  • mucous membranes (oropharyngeal cavity)

Morphology:

  • curved rods, coryneform

Culture:

  • blood agar, serum agar
  • haemolysis (B-hemolysis)
  • protein demand
22
Q

Trueperella (arcanobacterium):

  • Species
A

T. (Arcanobacterium, Corynebacterium) pyogenes:

  • toxin (haemolysis)
  • local suppuration (lesions):

–> mastitis, metritis, arthritis, pneumonia, navel infection

23
Q

Actinobaculum:

  • habitat
  • culture
  • pathogenicity
A

A. (Corynebacterium, Eubacterium, Actinomyces) sius:

Habitat:

  • Preputial mucosa of boars (Unique!)

Culture:

  • anaerobic
  • blood agar

Pathogenicity:

  • purulent cystitis
  • pyelonephritis
24
Q

Dermatophilus:

  • Habitat
  • Morphology
  • Staining
A

D. congolensis

Habitat:

  • soil, skin

Morphology:

  • Coccoid (infective form )–> filaments (will be segmented)

Staining:

  • Gram +
25
Q

Dermatophilus:

  • culture
  • biochemistry
A

Culture:

  • aerobic
  • fastidious: blood agar
  • propagation:

–> flagellated coccus (zoospora)

–> filaments - branching - growth

–> transverse and longitudinal divisions - segments

–> zoospora

Biochemistry (they need proteins):

  • proteolytic, proteases (needed to decompose proteins. They can damage the skin) = virulence factors
  • poorly saccharolytic
26
Q

Dermatophilus:

  • pathogenicity
A
  • exudative dermatitis:
  • sheep, cattle, human –> mainly ruminants
27
Q

Streptomyces:

  • habitat
  • morphology
  • staining
  • species
A

They are not fastidious! They can produce a wide range of Antibiotics! They have a special “soil-smell”

Habitat:

  • soil

Morphology:

  • large, branched filaments

Staining:

  • Gram +

Species:

  • S. griseius: streptomycin
  • S. fradiae: neomycin
  • S. rimosus: oxytetracyclin
  • S. venezuelae: chloramphenicol
28
Q

Corynebacterium:

  • habitat
  • morphology
A

Habitat:

  • muvous membranes, skin, milk, soil (saphorphytes), can be found in plants.

Morphology:

  • polymorphism, pleomorphism: middle sized rods, coccoid rods, curved rod, coryneform
  • single, palisade (=wall), chinese letters (=criss-cross connected to eachother)
  • metachromatic granules (can find granules in the rods)
29
Q

Corynebacterium:

  • staining
A
  • Gram +
  • sometimes not uniforms staining
  • slightly acid-fast
  • metachromatic granules
30
Q

Corynebacterium:

  • culture
A
  • blood agar
  • weak growth on nutrient agar
  • haemolysis (sometimes with delay) - Beta-hemolysis
  • different colony morphology
31
Q

Corynebacterium:

  • biochemistry
  • antigens
  • resistance
A

Biochemistry:

  • catalase +, oxidase -, fermentative
  • toxin: C.diphtheriae (bacteriophage encodes= not coded by the bacteria itself, but by the bacteriophage), C.pseudotuberculosis.

Antigens:

  • complex

Resistance:

  • average
32
Q

Corynebacterium:

  • pathogenicity
  • species
A

Pathogenicity:

  • local suppuration: lymphadenitits, lymphangitis
  • arthirtis, metritis, mastitis

Species:

  • C. diphtheriae, C. pseudotuberculosis, C. renale, C. pilosum, C.cystitidis, C. bovis, C. kutscheri
33
Q

Corynebacterium:

  • Diphtheriae
A
  • strains infected with temperate bacteriophage

–> toxin production, diphtery, vaccination

  • strains not infected with temperate bacteriphage

–> pharyngitis, endocarditis

34
Q

Corynebacterium:

  • c. pseudotuberculosis
A
  • polymorphism, fimbria
  • haemolysis
  • virulence factors:

–> exotoxin: phospholipase-D

–> lipoids in the cell wall

  • Nitrate-negative biotype: Sheep, goat

–> pseudotuberculosis (caseous lymphadenitits), abortion, arthritis

  • Nitrate-positivev biotype: horse

–> equine ulcerative lymphangitis (inflammation of lymphatic vessels)

35
Q

Corynebacterium:

  • Species (except c. diphtheriae and c. pseudotuberculosis)
A

C. renale:

  • fibria
  • cattle, horse, swine: pyelonephritis, cystitis

C.pilosum:

  • cattle cystitis, pyelonephritis

C. cystitidis:

  • cattle haemorrhagic cystitis

C. bovis:

  • udder, milk, mastitis, abortion

C. kutscheri:

  • rodents
36
Q

Rhodococcus

  • Habitat
  • Morhphology
  • Staining
A

R. equi

Habitat:

  • soil, plant, gut (horse)

Morphology:

  • Coccus-rod cycle
  • capsule (big drop-like colonies)

Staining:

  • Gram + (Pink-ish)
  • some acid-fast (Lipoids in the cell wall –> pink ish)
37
Q

Rhodococcus

  • Culture
A
  • simple: Nutrient Agar, Nutrient Broth
  • pigment (pink)
  • capsule
38
Q

Rhodococcus

  • Pathogenicity
A
  • Intra cellular pathogen (can survive intrcellularly because of the special Proteins Vap A and Vap B)
  • Foal: pneumonia, abscesses in lungs, inflammation of gut wall
  • Horse: inflammation of gut wall
  • Cattle, swine: Mesentheric lymph nodes, abscesses. (you dont see clinical signs! only post mortem changes)
  • Human: pneumonia (immunosuppression, AIDS)
39
Q

Renibacterium:

  • Habitat
  • Morphology
  • Staining
A

Renibacterium salmonarium

Habitat:.

  • water, fish

Morphology:

  • 1-1.5 um rods, short chains. (small-medium size)

Staining:

  • Gram +
40
Q

Renibacterium:

  • Culture
  • Pathogenicity
A

Culture:

  • aerobic
  • 15-18 *C (remember cold water for fishes!)
  • fastodious: Cystein and Serum needed

Pathogenicity:

  • obligate pathogenic, intra cellular
  • salmon, trout: abscesses in kidneys and other organs

Bacteriology (10 decks)

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