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Lab 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Staphylococcus: - Habitat, Morphology, Staining

A

Habitat:

  • skin, mucous membrane, food, feed, plant, soil and water.

Morphology:

  • coccus, clusters (spherical), bunches of grape

Staining: - Gram +

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2
Q

Staphylococcus: - culture

A
  • simple: nutrient agar, nutrient broth
  • pigment production: golden yellow, white, carotenoid
  • haemolysis: B-hemolysis (in some species double haemolysis), no haemolysis.
  • selective culture:

10% NaCl - mannitol - phenol red agar.

Na-tellurite - glycine - pyruvic acid - egg (baird-parker agar)

(10 % NaCl= results in high osmotic pressure, if fermetation –> acids will be produced)

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3
Q

Staphylococcus: - Biochemistry

A

Catalase +, oxidase -, fermentative

Extracellular enzymes (virulence factors):

  • coagulase (coagulation, produces fibrinogen), fibrinolysin (liquidifying. Lyse the plasma), hyaluronidase.

Surface protein: Protein A Toxins:

  • haemolysins: damage WBC´s
  • Leucocidins: damage WBC´s + increase damage of the host
  • enterotoxins, dermotoxin (exfoliative toxin), Toxic shoch syndome (TSST)
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4
Q

Staphylococcus: - Antigens

A
  • complex (surface proteins, polysaccharides)
  • Protein-A: Can bind Immunoglobulins on the FC-end. As a result the bacteria will be surrounded with the IM of the host –> protection
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5
Q

Staphylococcus: - Resistance - Pathogenicity

A
  • Good resistance (produces spore)

Pathogenicity:

  • local suppuration, abscesses, arthritis, mastitis, metritis, dermatitis, septicaemia.
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6
Q

Staphylococcus:

  • species, pathogenicity
A
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7
Q

Staphylococcus:

  • virulence factors
A
  • extra cellular enxymes
  • toxins
  • protein A
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8
Q

Staphylococcus:

  • coagulase positive species
A

S. aureus susp. aureus:

  • biotypes, different hosts.
  • cattle, swine, horse, sheep dog, poultry
  • MRSA: methicilin resistant S.aureus: human, dog, horse pig

S. Aureus subsp. anaerobius:

  • sheep: Morel-disease

S. pseudointermedius:

  • dog, cat: dermatitis, otitis externa

S. intermedius:

  • dog, horse, birds: mucous membranes
  • saprophyte
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9
Q

Staphylococcus:

  • coagulase negative species
A

S. epidermis:

  • wound infection (horse, dog)

S. haemolyticus

  • milkt
    s. hyicus:
  • a part of the strains in coagulase positive
  • porcine exudative epidermitis

S. gallinarum

  • dermatitis

S. equorum

  • dermatitis
    s. felis:
  • dermatitis
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10
Q

Micrococcus:

  • Habitat
  • morphology
  • biochemistry
  • pathogenicity
A
  • Habitat: environment, mucous membrane, food, skin
  • Morphology: coocus, clusters
  • Biochemistry: decomposition of glucose is aerobic or missing
  • pathogenicity: saprophyte, to be differentiated from Staphylococci
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11
Q

Streptococcus:

  • Habitat
  • Morphology
  • Staining
A
  • Habitat: skin, mucous membrane, food, milk
  • Morphology: spherical (coccus), chain, diplococci.
    capsule: only on some species, hyaluronic acid or polysaccharide.
  • staining: gram +
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12
Q

Streptococcus:

  • culture
A

Fastidious:

  • blood agar, serum agar
  • some strains need CO2

Selective vulture:

  • crystal violet (inhibition of Gram+), thallium-SO4 (inhibition of Gram -), esculin, blood (edwards-agar)

Haemolysis:

  • alpha-hemolysis (Hb is not completely decomposed)
  • beta-haemolysis
  • no haemolysis (gamma-haemolysis)
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13
Q

Streptococcus

  • Biochemistry:
A
  • catalase -, oxidase -, fermentative
  • utilisation of lycosides: esculin, salicin
  • extracellular enzymes: fibrinolysin, hyaluronidase, nucleases, proteases
  • toxins
  • some trains produce bacteriocins (probiotics)
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14
Q

Streptococcus:

  • Antigens
A
  • complex
  • group specific polysaccharide antigens: Lancefield A-V
  • other type specific antigens
  • S.suis, S.pneumoniae: polysaccharide capsule antigens
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15
Q

Streptococcus:

  • resistance
  • pathogenicity
A

Resistance: medium

Pathogenicity:

  • local suppuration
  • metritis, mastitis, arthritis
  • septicaemia, strangles
  • pneumonitc diseases
  • virulence factors: capsule, toxins, haemolysines, extra cellular enzymes, some surface proteins
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16
Q

Streptococcus:

  • grouping
A
  • haemolysis
  • biochemical characteristics
  • antigens
  • genome structure
  • groups: pyogenic streptococci, oral streptococci, anginosus streptococci
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17
Q

Streptococcus:

  • s. pyogens
A
  • capsule
  • some strains produce erythorgen toxin
  • bacteriophage envodes, phage conversion

human:

  • scarlet fever, purulent infections, rheumatic fever, human erysipelas, glomerulonephritis
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18
Q

Streptococcus:

  • S.agalactia, S.dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae, S.uberis
A

Cow, ruminants

mastitis

  • S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis: lymphadentitis, abortion (horse)
19
Q

Streptococcus:

  • S.equi
A
  • S. equi subsp. equi: horse strangles
  • S.equi subsp. zooepidemicus: in several animal species, suppuration, septicaemia, mastitis, abortion
20
Q

Streptococcus:

  • S.suis, S. porcinus, S.canis, S.salivarius, S.sanduis, S. mutans, S.pneumoniae
A
  • S. suis: septicaemia, arthirtis, meningitis-encephalitis
  • S.porcinus: lymphadenitis, abscesses
  • S.canis: metritis, neontal epticaemia
  • S.salivarius, S.sanguis, S.mutans (found in mucous membranes): oral streptococci, caries
  • S.pneumoniae: calf, foal, human: pneumonia, meningitis.
21
Q

Enterococcus:

  • habitat
  • morphology
  • staining
  • culture
A
  • Habitat: gut, normal gut flora
  • Morphology: cocci, chains
  • Staining: gram +
  • culture: like streptococci. 10-45*C, pH 9,6
22
Q

Enterococcus:

  • biochemistry
  • antigens
A
  • biochem: bacteriocin production
  • antigens: Landefield D
23
Q

Enterococcus:

  • species, pathogenicity
A
  • E. faecalis
  • E. faecium
  • E.avium
  • E. gallinarum
  • mainly sapropphytes
  • sometimes arthritis, endocarditis, abscesses.
24
Q

Lactococcus:

A
  • Lancfield N
  • fast lactose fermentation (homofermentation)
  • gut flora (probiotic)
  • dairy products (starter cultures: bulgarian milk, butter)
  • L. lactis subsp. lactis
  • L. lactis subsp. cremris
  • L. plantarum: silage production.
25
Q

Anaeorobic cocci

A
  • habitat: mucous membranes
  • Saprophytes, sporadically inflammations
  • Peptococcus: metritis, arthritis, pneumonia
  • Peptostreptococcus: metritis, arthritis, pneumonia
  • Peptoniphilus: arthritis, spepticaemia
  • Ruminococcis: rumen, saprophytes
  • Sarcina: gut, saprophytes
26
Q

Lactobacillus:

  • habitat
  • morphology
  • staining
A

Habitat:

  • mucous membranes, gut, food, plant, feed
  • component of normal flora (normal microbiota)
    morphology: long, thin, sometimes curved rods

Staining: Gram +

27
Q

Lactobacillus:

  • culture
A
  • microaerophilic
  • a little fastidious
  • optimal temp: 30-40*C (2-53*C)
  • pH: 5.5-6.2 , acidic!
28
Q

Lactobacillus:

  • Biochemistry
  • pathogenicity
A

Biochemistry:

  • active fermentation
  • lactate pH 4.0
  • silage production, pickling

Pathogenicity:

  • saprophytes
  • mucous membranes (protective effect, probiotic)
  • dairy industry
29
Q

Lactobacillus:

  • species
A
  • L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus: yogurt production
  • L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis: dairy industri
  • L. acidophilus: mucous membranes, dairy industry
  • L. salivarius: gut, probioticum
  • L. plantarum: silage production, dairy industry
30
Q

Erysipelothric:

  • sub sp
A
  • Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
  • E. tonsillarum
31
Q

Erysipelothrix:

  • habitat
  • morphology
  • staining
A
  • Habitat: alimentary tract (swine tonsils), mud, slime of fishes, water
  • morphology: 1-3 um thin rods (S type), chains, filaments (R type)
  • Staining: gram +
32
Q

Erysipelothrix:

  • Culture
A
  • nutrient agar
  • replication 5-42 @C, pH 6.7-9.2
  • blood agar: some strains alpha haemolysis
  • S-R colonies

–> agar

–> broth: S= uniform turbidity, R= sediment

  • selective culture:

–> NaN3 + crystal violet

–> neomycin

33
Q

Erysipelothrix:

  • Biochemistry
A
  • catalase -, oxidase-, fermentative
  • extra celluler enzymes:

–> Neuraminidase: binding to endothelial cells

–> Hyaluronidase: spreading

34
Q

Erysipelothrix:

  • antigens
  • resistance
A

Antigens:

  • two common protein antigens: protection
  • type specific polysaccharide haptens: 1-26: diagnostics
    resistance: good, halotolerance, soil
35
Q

Erysipelothrix:

  • pathogenicity
A

Facultative pathogenic:

  • swine: erysipelas
  • sheep: wound infection
  • birds: septicaemia
  • humans: wound infection (erysiopeloid)
36
Q

Erysipelothrix:

  • E. tonsillarum
A
  • no biochemical difference
  • serotype 7 and furhter 6 serotypes
  • present on tonsils of swine
  • endocarditis of dogs
37
Q

Listeria:

  • habitat
  • morphology
  • staining
A
  • Habitat: soil, sewage, plants, silage, gut, food
  • Morphology: 1-2 um thick rods. Flagella are produced in room temp (22*C)
  • Staining: Gram +
38
Q

Listeria:

  • culture
A
  • simple: nutrient agar, nutrient broth
  • beta haemolysis
  • 4-45 *C
  • pH 5.5-9.6
  • selective: cattle serum - trypaflavin - nalidixic acid
  • selective enrichment: cold enrichment 4*C. U-tube method
39
Q

Listeria:

  • biochemisrty
A
  • catalase +, oxidase -, fermentative
  • virulence factors:

–> listeriolysin O (haemolysin): intracellular replication

–> monocytosis factor: cell wall, lipoid

40
Q

Listeria:

  • antigens
A
  • cell wall polysaccharide
  • flagellar protein
  • 13 serotypes (composite)

–> most common ones: 1/2 a, 4b

41
Q

Listeria:

  • resistance
  • pathogenicity
A

Resistance: survives in soil for months. Propagation in soil!

Pathogenicity:

  • facultative pathogenic
  • virulence: haemolysis, lipolysis, monocytosis factor, cell wall lipoids.
42
Q

Listeria:

  • pathogenicity
A
  • Sheep: mainly encephalitis, abortion, septicaemia.
  • Cattle: mainly abortion, encephalitis
  • Rabbit: septicaemia, abortion
  • Humans: abortion, newborn septicaemia, encephalitis
  • Birds: septicaemia
43
Q

Listeria:

  • species
A
  • L. monocytogenes
  • L. ivanovii

–> stronger haemolysis. serotype 5.

  • facultative intracellular agents
  • several saprophytic species.

Bacteriology (10 decks)

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