Lab 11. Fungi Flashcards
Yeasts
Candida:
- C. albicans: human, piglet, calf, poultry: commensals on mucous membranes
- C. guillermondii: cattle genital mucous membrane
- C. tropicalis, C. krusei
Cryptococcus:
- C. neoformans: large mucopolysaccharide capsule produced, mucoid colonies, infection derived from the environment
–> mastitis (cattle, goat),
–> Localized granuloma formation, systemic mycosis in cats, dogs, horses, cattle
Malassezia:
- M. pachydermatis: bottle shaped cells, commensals on the skin
–> dog, cat: dermatitis, external otitis
Moulds:
- classification
- dermatophytes
- zygomycota
- aspergillus
- penicillum
- fuasrium
- stachybotrys
Dermatophytes
TRICHOPHYTON
- skin, hair, feather –> ringworm
- culture: Sabouraud medium + yeast extract + cyclohexamide, pH7, 1-4 weeks, 25*C
- T. verrucosum: cattle, human
- T. equinum: horse, human
- T. mentagrophytes: dog, cat, human, rabbit
MICROSPORUM
- similar to Tricophyton
- M. gypseum: dog, horse, human
- M. canis: dog, cat, horse, human
- M. nanum: swine
- M. gallinae: chicken, turkey
Aspergillus
- A. fumigatus: lung mycosis (poultry), mycosis of eggs, abortion
- A. flavus: aflatoxin: pig, poultry, cattle: hepatotoxicity, immunosuppression, mutagen, carcinogen, eratogen
- A. ochraceus: ochratoxin: pig, poultry: kidney degeneration, Granulomatosis in the lung
Penicillum
- P. notatum, P. chrysogenum: penicillin
- P. rubrum, P. viridicatum: mycotoxin production in the feed:
–> Rubratoxin: cattle hepatotoxicity
–> Ochratoxin: pig, poultry: renal toxicity
–> Patulin: cattle, sheep, pig: inhibition of ruminal flora, acidosis, vomitting in pigs
Fusarium
- F. graminearum, F. sporotrichoides: T-2, F-2 toxin
–> T-2 toxin: pig, cattle, poultry: cytotoxicity, immunosuppression, haemorrhage, feed refusal in pig, rumenitis in cattle
–> F-2 toxin: pig cattle: oestrogenic activity, hyperaemia, oedema of vulva, anoestrus, reduced litter size in mature sows. Reduced fertility in cattle
- F. moniliforme: Fumonisins: leukoencephalomalacia in horses, pig: pulmonary oedema
Stachybotrys
- S. atra: utilisation of cellulose, black colonies
- Toxin: stachybotryotoxins: horse, cattle, sheep, pig: cytotoxicity, haemorrhages, immunosuppression
- necrotic lesions in the alimentary tract
Dimorphic fungi
yeast form in the host, mould form on media or environment
Genera:
- histoplasma
- sporothrix
- coccidioides
- blastomyces
Histoplasma
tropics, mediterranean area
- H. farciminosum: soil, equine epizootic lymphangitis
- H. capsulatum: systemic (respiratory) mycosis: human, dog, cat
(histoplasmosis: skin lesions in humans)
Sporothrix:
S. schenckii: saprophyte on vegetation, horse, dog, cat, human: subcutaneous granulomatosis
Coccidioides
C. immitis: soil, systemic mycosis, dog, horse, cat, human, lung
Blastomyces
B. dermatitidis: soil, human, dog blastomycosis (granulomatosis)
