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Bacteriology > Lab 6. Salmonella, citrobacter, shigella, proteus, providentia, yersinia, serratia, edwardsiella, anaerobic gram negative rods > Flashcards

Lab 6. Salmonella, citrobacter, shigella, proteus, providentia, yersinia, serratia, edwardsiella, anaerobic gram negative rods Flashcards

1
Q

Salmonella

  • Taxonomy
A

Species:

  • S. enerica
  • S. bongori

Within S. enterica:

  • 6 subspecies
  • S. enterica subsp, enterica
  • S. enterica subsp. arizonae

Within subspecies:

  • serovars/serotypes: 2500
  • eg: S. entrica subsp enterica serovar Typhimurium
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2
Q

Salmonella

  • habitat, morphology, staining,
A

Habitat:

  • gut, feed, food
  • sewage, water

Morphology:

  • 1-5um rod, flagella

–> except S. gallinarum/S. pullorum

Staining:

  • gram negative
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3
Q

Salmonella

  • culture
A

not fastidious

selective and differential media are used

  • low selective capacity: MacConkey, Drigalski: lactose negative
  • medium selective capacity: Brilliant green-lactose-phenol red (lactose negative, XLD (lactose negative), Rambach agar (fermentation of propylene glycol)
  • High selective capacity: bismuth-sulphite agar (reduction)

Selective enrichment - Aim:

  • isolation of salmonella from mixed flora
  • low number of salmonella

Media:

  • Na-seleite, cysteine
  • Na-tetrathionate, bile salts
  • rappaport-vassiliadis
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4
Q

Salmonella

  • Biochemistry
A

Lactose negative, H2S positive

Differentiation of antigenically uniform types: sugar fermentation

S. Typhysuis:

  • Arabinose +, Dulcitol +, Mannitol -

S. Choleraesuis:

  • Arabinose -, Dulcitol -, Mannitol +
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5
Q

Salmonella

  • antigens
A

Kauffmann-White system: O-Vi-H antigens

  • composite antigens
  • O antigens: 35 groups
  • K (Vi): S. typhi, S.dublin etc
  • H antigens

–> specific (phase 1 flagellar antigens)

–> non specific (phase 2 flagellar antigens)

–> monophasic serotypes: only H specific antigens

–> diphasic serotypes: not only H specific antigens

  • Cross reactions: factor sera are used
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6
Q

Salmonella

  • resistance, classification within serotypes
A

Resistance: medium

Classification:

  • phage typing
  • examination of the genome: restriction endonucleases, sequencing, plasmid
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7
Q

Salmonella

  • pathogenicity
A

Only humans:

  • S. typhi: typhoid fever
  • S. paratyphi A, B, C, S.sendai: paratyphoid

Only animals:

  • S. typhisuis: swine typhoid
  • S. gallinarum: fowl paratyphoid

Human-Animal:

  • s. enteridtidis, S. Typhimurium, S. Thompson, S. choleraesuis
  • paratyphoid: swine, ruminants, horse, poultry
  • human: gastroenteritis, septicaemia

Abortion:

  • S. abortusequi, S. abortusovis, S. abortusbovis
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8
Q

Citrobacter

  • habitat, biochemistry, pathogenicity
A

Habitat:

  • mammals, birds, gut, water, environment

Biochemistry:

  • Lactose negative, KCN+, lysine decarboxylase negative

Pathogenicity:

  • saprophytic, sometimes secondary pathogen
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9
Q

Shigella

  • habitat, morphology, culture, biochemistry, pathogenicity
A

Habitat:

  • intestine (primates), sewage

Morphology:

  • no flagella

Culture:

  • DC (deoxycholate citrate) agar

Biochemistry:

  • resembles E.coli, but lactose negative or late fermentation

Pathogenicity:

  • S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri, S. sonnei, S. boydii: human bacillary dysentery
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10
Q

Proteus, Providentia

  • habitat, staining, culture, biochemistry, pathogenicity
A

Habitat:

  • intestine, urine, water
  • rotting materials

Staining: gram neg

Culture: swarming!

Biochemistry:

  • lactose neg
  • phenylalanine-deaminase +
  • indole +/-
  • urease +

Pathogenicity:

  • saprophytic, sometimes UTI
  • P. vulgaris, P. mirabilis, P. morganii, Prov. stuartii
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11
Q

Yersinia

  • species
A

Y. pestis

Y. pseudotuberculosis

Y. enterocolitica

Y. ruckeri

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12
Q

Y. pseudotuberculosis

  • habitat, morphology, staining, culture, biochemistry
A

Habitat:

  • intestine, water

Morphology:

  • 1-2 um coccoid rods
  • flagella 22*C

Staining:

  • gram neg
  • bipolar staining

Culture:

  • not fastidious
  • optimal temp 30*C
  • replication: 4-42 *C
  • small colonies
  • selective culture: on low selective capacity media for Enterobacteriaceae

Biochemistry:

  • lactose neg
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13
Q

Y. pseudotuberculosis:

  • antigens, pathogenicity
A

Antigens:

  • O antigens: 8 serogroups
  • 5 H antigens
  • composite antigens

Pathogenicity:

  • rodents (rodentiosis)
  • turkey, pheasant, quail (septicaemia, abcesses)
  • cattle, swine, sheep (abortion)
  • human
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14
Q

Y. enterocolitica

  • habitat, morphology, staining, culture, antigens, pathogenicity
A

Habitat:

  • intestine, water

Morphology, staining

  • middle sized rods, Gram neg

Culture:

  • optimal temp: 22*C
  • selective culture: Na-oxolate + bile salts

Antigens:

O-antigens:

  • 34 O groups
  • O9: cross reaction with Brucella species

H-antigens: 20

PAthogenicity:

  • human: gastro-intestinal infection, abscesses
  • swine, rabbit: intestine, mesenterial lymph nodes, resembles ruberculosis
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15
Q

Y. ruckeri

  • pathogenicity, biochemistry
A

Biochemmistry:

  • inactive

Pathogenicity:

  • trout septicaemia, kidney (red mouth disease)
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16
Q

Serratia:

  • habitat, culture, pathogenicity
A

Habitat:

  • soil, water

Culture:

  • lower optiamal temperature, pigment

Pathogenicity:

  • saprophytes
  • S. marcescens: food contamination
17
Q

Edwardsiella:

  • habitat, culture, pathogenicity
A

Habitat:

  • intestine (fisk, amphibians, birds, mammals), water

Culture:

  • fastidious (vitamins, amino acids needed)

Pathogenicity:

  • E. tarda: eel
  • E. ictaluri: septicaemia, ascites (channel catfish)
18
Q

Gram negatie anaerobic rods

  • genera
A

fusobacterium

bacteriodes

dichelobacter

prevotella

19
Q

Gram negatie anaerobic rods

  • habitat, pathogenicity
A

habitat:

  • mucous membrane: alimentary tract, respiratory airways, genital tract
  • components of the anaerobic gut flora

Pathogenicyt:

  • facultative pathogenic: inflammation of the mucous membranes, wounds, abscesses
  • minly mixed infections
20
Q

Fusobacterium

  • morphology, staining, culture
A

Morphology:

  • polymorph: chain, filaments. Generally no flagella

Staining:

  • gram neg
  • irregular staining
21
Q

Fusobacterium:

culture, biochemistry, resistance, pathogenicity

A

Culture:

  • fastidious: blood agar, protein is needed, yeast extract.
  • obligate anaerobic
  • CO2, haemolysis
  • selective culture: crystal violet, brilliant green, vancomycin

Biochemistry:

  • carbohydrates are generally not utilised
  • gelatine, casein are decomposed
  • extracellular enzymes (lipase, DN-ase, hyaluronidase)

Reistance: low

Pathogenicity:

  • facultative pathogenic
  • anaerobic wounds, abscesses, gangrene
22
Q

Fusobacterium

  • species
A

F. necrophorum:

  • F. necrophorum subsp. necrophorum: Hemolysis +, haemagglutination +, leukotoxin +, synergism +
  • F. necrophorum subs. funduliforme: haemolysis -, haemagglutination -, leukotoxin -, synergism -
  • F. nucleatim
23
Q

F. necrophorum subsp. necrophorum

A

Calf, sheep, rabbit:

  • necrobacillosis, calf diphteria, bovine liver abscess

Sheep:

  • involved in the pathogenesis of foot rot

Cattle: mastitis

Dog cat: gingivitis, peritonitis

Wound infections, abscesses

24
Q

F. nucleatum:

A
  • mainly human, dog, cat
  • abscess, mastitis, metritis
  • peritonitis
  • wound infection
25
Q

Bacteroides, dichelobacter, prevotella

  • habitat, morphology, staining, culture, biochemistry
A

Habitat:

  • alimentary tract, respiratory way, genitals, mucous membranes, water

Morphology:

  • 3-5 um rod, fimbria

Staining:

  • gram neg, Irregular staining

Culture:

  • fastidius, obligate anaerobic

Biochemistry:

  • more active, proteases, keratinase
26
Q

Bacteroides, dichelobacter, prevotella

  • pathogenicity, species
A

Pathogenicity:

  • facultative pathogens, necrosis, abscesses

Species:

  • B. fragillis: mainly human, gut flora, appendicitis, wounds
  • Dichelobacter nodusus: fimbria, proteolysis, keratinase, sheep foot rot
  • Prevotella melaninogenica: dog, cat putrid inflammations

Bacteriology (10 decks)

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