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Bacteriology > Lab 5 > Flashcards

Lab 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Enterobacteriaceae:

  • habitat, morphology, staining
A

40 genera, > 180species

Habitat:

  • Gut, mucous membranes
  • normal gut flora, environment

Morphology:

  • 1-3 um rod
  • flagella (except: Shigella, Klebsiella)

Staining:

  • gram negative
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2
Q

Enterobacteriaceae:

  • Culture
A
  • simple, aerobic, facultative anaerobic
  • 10-45 (37) *C
  • selective and differential media; isolation from mixed culture
  • chromogenic media; Detection of specific enzymes
  • selective enrichment; Isolation of salmonella
  • combined media; examination of more. characteristic in one medium
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3
Q

Enterobacteriaceae:

Culture capacity

A

Low selective capacity: (Enterobacteria)

  • crystal violet - lactose - litmus (Drigalski)
  • crysta violet - bile salts - lactose - neutral red (MacConkey)
  • eosin - lactose - methylee blue - Na lauryl sulphate

Medium selective capacity: (some genera of Enterobacteriaceae:)

  • brilliant green - lactose - phenol red
  • deocycholate citrate - lactose - neutral red (DC)
  • XLD: xylose lysine deoxycholate - lactose - phenol red (isolation of E.coli and salmonella)

High selective capacity:

  • bismuth sulphate agar (Highly selective. Only salmonella can grow on it)
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4
Q

Enterobacteriaceae:

  • chromogenic media
A

Rambach agar:

  • fermentation of propylene glycol: salmonella

Chromocult Coloform Agar: differentiate coliform and E.coli

  • beta D galatosidase: coliforms
  • beta D glucuronidase: E.coli
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5
Q

Enterobacteriaceae:

  • Biochemistry, Antigens, resistance
A

Biochemistry:

  • catalase +, oxidase -, fermentative (acid + gas) (carbohydrate production)

Antigens:

  • O: Cell wall (LPS)
  • K: capsule (polysaccharide) (virulence factor. used for serotyping)
  • H: flagella (protein)
  • F: fimbria (protein)

Resistance:

  • medium
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6
Q

Enterobacteriaceae:

  • pathogenicity
A

Saprophytic: normal flora (gut, mucous membranes) (the majority!)

Pathogenic:

  • facultative
  • obligate (only a few)
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7
Q

Enterobacteriaceae:

  • grouping
A
  • Genus: biochemical characteristics
  • Species: biochemical and serological characteristics
  • Serogroups: O antigens
  • Serotype: O-K-H-F antigens
  • Biotypes: fermentation pattern
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8
Q

Enterobacteriaceae:

  • lactose postivie
A
  • Echerichia
  • klebsiella
  • enterobacter
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9
Q

Enterobacteriaceae:

  • lactose negative
A
  • salmonella
  • shigella
  • yersinia
  • proteus
  • providencia
  • edwadsiella
  • serratia
  • citrobacter
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10
Q

Escherichia:

  • habitat, morphology, staining
A

E. coli

Habitat:

  • gut, component of normal gut flora
  • aerobic, facultative anaerobic gut flora

Morphology:

  • 2-3 um rod
  • flagella, capsule (some of them), fimbria (only in the pathogenic E.coli, virulence factor)
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11
Q

Escherichia:

  • culture
A
  • simple, not fastidious (following the general principles of Enterobacteriaceae)
  • selective and differential media (grows on low and medium selective media)
  • Capsule (E.coli strains from Calf)
  • Beta Heamolysis (E.coli strains from swine)
  • Lactose positive –> acids
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12
Q

Escherichia:

  • biochemistry, resistance
A
  • Biochemistry: lactose +, indol +
  • Resistance: medium
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13
Q

Escherichia:

  • antigens
A
  • O: type specific (187 types)
  • K: polysaccharide (60 types)
  • F: 30 types (virulence factors)

–> F1: common fimbria

–> F2, F3, human

–> F4 (K88), F6 (987p), F18 ab/ac: swine

–> F5 (K99), F17, F41: cattle

–> F7 - F16: Urinary tract infection (UTI) in: human, poultry

  • H: 53 types (NOT virulence factors)
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14
Q

Escherichia:

  • pathogenicity
A

Sprophyte:

  • normal gut flora, normal flora of mucous membranes

Facultative pathogenic:

  • cattle, swine, sheep, goat, rabbit, poultry, foal, dog, cat, mink, fox, nutria, chinchilla, human

Genetic variety

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15
Q

Escherichia:

  • pathogenicity Cattle
A
  • calf coli-diarrhoea (neontal)
  • calf coli-septicaemia
  • cow; mastitis
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16
Q

Escherichia:

  • pathogenicity Swine
A
  • Coli diarrhea of noental piglets
  • weaned piglets: coli diarrhea
  • weaned piglets: oedema disease
  • sow: mastitis, metritis
17
Q

Escherichia:

  • pathogenicity Lamb, kid and Rabbit
A

Lamb, Kid:

  • coli diarrhea (neontal)
  • watery mouth

Rabbit:

  • diarrhea
18
Q

Escherichia:

  • pathogenicity Poultry
A
  • day-old-chicken: septicaemia
  • chicken: septicaema, respiratory disease
  • adult: lesions in organs (airsacculitis, peritonitis, coli-graulomatosis)
19
Q

Escherichia:

  • pathogenicity foal, dog, cat, mink, fox, nutria, chinchilla AND human
A

foal, dog, cat, mink, fox, nutria, chinchilla:

  • coli-diarrhea, septicaemia

Human:

  • neontal enteritis, septicaemia
  • urogenital infections
  • enteritis
  • haemorrhagic enteroclitis, haemolytic uraemic syndrome
20
Q

Escherichia:

  • Virulence fanctors of the pathogenic E.coli strains:
A
  1. Enteropathogenic strains: (EPEC or AEEC)
    - intimin
    - damage of enterocytes and microvilli (decreased absorption = diarrhea)
  2. Enterotoxigenic strains (ETEC)
    - Adhesive factors: fimbria, surface proteins (will excrete water into the gut = diarrhea)
    - Enterotoxins:

–> LT (het labile) toxin: protein 88.000 D

–> ST (heat labile) toxin: polypeptide 1.500-2000 D

–> damage of fluid absorption

  1. Verotoxigenic strains:
    - verotoxins (shiga-like toxins):

–> VT1 (Stx2), VT(Stx2). -> Damage of endothelial cells

  • inhibit protein synthesis of the endothelial cells –> odema, haemorrhages will be formed, .
  • Vero = monkey cell line
    4. Necrotoxic (cytotoxic necrotic factor producing) strains
  • cytotoxic necrotic factor (CNF1 + CNF2 strains)
    5. Enteroinvasive strains:
  • human, dysentery, like Shigella
  • they can enter the mucous membrane of large intestine, necrosis, diarrhea
    6. Enteroadhesive-aggregative strains (human)
    7. Septicaemic strains
  • invasivness
  • survival in blood
21
Q

Klebsiella:

  • habitat, morphology
A

K. pneumonia

Habitat:

  • Gut, respiratory way, genital tract
  • environment

Morphology:

  • Rod, capsule, NO flagellum
22
Q

Klebsiella

  • culture, biochemistry
A

Culture:

  • large, merging, mucoid colonies
  • rapid change of the colour of the indicator

Biochemistry:

  • Lactose +, Vogues-Proskauer test +, Urease +
23
Q

Klebsiella

  • antigens, pathogenicity
A

Antigens:

  • 82 serogroups (capsule)

Pathogenicity:

  • Saprophytic - facultative pathogenic
  • Cattle: Calf (bronchitis, bronchopneumonia), Cow (mastitis, metritis)
  • Mare: metritis
  • Human: pneumonia, urogenital infections
24
Q

Enterobacter:

  • habitat, morphology, culture, biochemistry
A

Habitat:

  • Gut, environment

Morphology:

  • Rod, capsule

Culture:

  • mucoid colonies

Biochemistry:

  • Lactose +, Voges-Proskauer test +
25
Q

Biochemical characteristics of E.coli, Klebsiella and Enterobacter:

A
26
Q

Enterobacter:

  • Pathogenicity, species
A

Pathogenicity:

  • saprophytic,
  • rarely respiratory infection in humans

Species:

  • E. cloacae, E. aerogenes

Bacteriology (10 decks)

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