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BIO 153 > Lab 7: Lymphatic system and immunity > Flashcards

Lab 7: Lymphatic system and immunity Flashcards

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1
Q

Blood type A-
What kind of ANTIGENS on RBC surface?
What kind of ANTIBODIES in PLASMA?
Will it make anti-D ANTIBODIES?

A

A ANTIGENS
B ANTIBODIES
YES

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2
Q

Blood type A+
What kind of ANTIGENS on RBC surface?
What kind of ANTIBODIES in PLASMA?
Will it make anti-D ANTIBODIES?

A

A ANTIGENS
B ANTIBODIES
NO

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3
Q

Blood type B-
What kind of ANTIGENS on RBC surface?
What kind of ANTIBODIES in PLASMA?
Will it make anti-D ANTIBODIES?

A

B ANTIGENS
A ANTIBODIES
YES

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4
Q

Blood type B+
What kind of ANTIGENS on RBC surface?
What kind of ANTIBODIES in PLASMA?
Will it make anti-D ANTIBODIES?

A

B ANTIGENS
A ANTIBODIES
NO

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5
Q

Blood type AB-
What kind of ANTIGENS on RBC surface?
What kind of ANTIBODIES in PLASMA?
Will it make anti-D ANTIBODIES?

A

A and B ANTIGENS
NONE
YES

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6
Q

Blood type AB+
What kind of ANTIGENS on RBC surface?
What kind of ANTIBODIES in PLASMA?
Will it make anti-D ANTIBODIES?

A

A and B ANTIGENS
NONE
NO

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7
Q

Blood type O-
What kind of ANTIGENS on RBC surface?
What kind of ANTIBODIES in PLASMA?
Will it make anti-D ANTIBODIES?

A

NONE
A and B ANTIBODIES
YES

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8
Q

Blood type O+
What kind of ANTIGENS on RBC surface?
What kind of ANTIBODIES in PLASMA?
Will it make anti-D ANTIBODIES?

A

NONE
A and B ANTIBODIES
NO

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9
Q

What is meant by TRANSFUSION REACTION?

A

A reaction in the BLOOD associated with HEMOLYSIS

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10
Q

What are possible consequences of a TRANSFUSION REACTION?

A 
Severe = HEMOLYSIS, transfusion rejected
Moderate = Allergic reactions symptoms (hives, itching, fever, etc.)
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11
Q

Define AGGLUTINOGEN

A

The clumping of particles

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12
Q

Define AGGLUTININ

A

An ANTIBODY, LECTIN, or other substance that cause AGGLUTINATION

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13
Q

Define HOMOLOGOUS TRANSFUSION

A

Infusing the BLOOD of a compatible donor

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14
Q

Define AUTOLOGOUS TRANSFUSION

A

The collection and re-infusion of patients own BLOOD or BLOOD components

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15
Q

True or false:

Those with the RHESUS FACTOR can only donate to others with the RHESUS FACTOR

A

TRUE

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16
Q

True or false:
O- can receive from any other BLOOD type
AB+ can donate to every other BLOOD type

A

FALSE, other way around

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17
Q

True or false:

A- can donate to A+

A

TRUE

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18
Q

True or false:

B+ can donate to B-

A

FALSE, RHESUS can only give to other RHESUS

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19
Q

True or false:

B+ can receive from AB+

A

FALSE, AB+ only gives to AB+

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20
Q

What does HDN stand for?

A

HEMOLYTIC DISEASE OF THE NEWBORN

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21
Q

What causes HDN?

A

When mum and babe have different BLOOD types and they mix

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22
Q

How can HDN be prevented?

A

If mum is RHESUS -, she can take Rh Immunoglobulin (RhoGAM) to stop her ANTIBODIES from reacting with her baby’s

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23
Q

3 Fs of the LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

A
  1. Removal of INTERSTITIAL FLUID from TISSUES
  2. Absorbs and transports FATTY ACIDS and FATS as CHYLE from the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
  3. Transports WBCs to and from LYMPH NODES into the BONES
24
Q

Where are the PALATINE TONSILS?

A

Rear of the THROAT

25
Q

Where are the LINGUAL TONSILS?

A

Back of the TONGUE

26
Q

Where are the PHARYNGEAL TONSILS?

A

Back wall of NASAL PHARYNX

27
Q

What is another name for the PHARYNGEAL TONSILS?

A

The ADENOID TONSILS

28
Q

3 Fs of the SPLEEN

A
  1. Acts as a filtration system for the BLOOD
  2. Recycles old RBCs
  3. Stores PLATELETS and WBCs
29
Q

What kind of CELLS does the RED PULP of the SPLEEN contain?

A

RBCs

30
Q

What kind of CELLS does the WHITE PULP of the SPLEEN contain?

A

LYMPHOCYTES

31
Q

What IMMUNE CELLS mature in the THYMUS?

A

T CELLS

32
Q

What HORMONE is secreted by the THYMUS to facilitate IMMUNE CELL growth?

A

THYMOSIN

33
Q

S and F of the LYMPH NODES

A

S - RETICULAR FIBERS

F - Filter LYMPH before it is returned to VENOUS circulation

34
Q

3 REGIONS where LYMPH NODES are particularly numerous

A
  1. CERVICAL REGION
  2. AXILLARY REGION
  3. INGUINAL REGION
35
Q

Why are LYMPH NODES a common site for cancer metastasis?

A

Because everything is filtered and passes through the LYMPH NODES, making it a very easy place to spread cancer to

36
Q

How does LYMPH CIRCULATE?

A

Through SKELETAL PUMPS

37
Q

What structures in LYMPH VESSELS prevent backflow?

A

One way VALVES

38
Q

What REGIONS does the R. LYMPHATIC DUCT drain? Into which VEIN?
What REGIONS does the THORACIC DUCT drain? into which VEIN?

A

R. LYMPHATIC DUCT = R. CERVICAL REGION and R. arm, drains into the JUGULAR V.
THORACIC DUCT = Everywhere else, drains into the L. SUBCLAVIAN V.

39
Q

What is the F of INTERFERONS ?

Are they a specific or non-specific defense mechanism?

A

Proteins secreted by VIRUS-INFECTED CELLS, signal surrounding CELLS to protect themselves against VIRAL infection, activate NKs and MACROPHAGES
Non-specific

40
Q

What is the F of NATURAL KILLER (NK) CELLS?

Are they a specific or non-specific defense mechanism?

A

Special LYMPHOCYTES that patrol PERIPHERAL TISSUES, recognize/destroy abnormal CELLS when low MHC 1 levels are detected
Non-specific

41
Q

What is the F of MACROPHAGES?

Are they a specific or non-specific defense mechanism?

A

Large PHAGOCYTE that engulfs cellular debris, foreign particles/CELLS, present ANTIGENS to HELPER Ts
Non-specific

42
Q

What is the F of INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS?

Are they a specific or non-specific defense mechanism?

A

Chemicals secreted by CELLS that trigger INFLAMMATION

Non-specific

43
Q

What is the F of DENDRITIC CELLS?

Are they a specific or non-specific defense mechanism?

A

Type of MACROPHAGE found in the EPIDERMIS and MUCOUS MEMBRANES, engulf cellular debris/foreign particles/CELLS, present ANTIGENS to HELPER Ts
Non-specific

44
Q

What is the F of CYTOTOXIC T CELLS?

Are they a specific or non-specific defense mechanism?

A

T CELLS that secrete PERFORINS and GRANZYMES to destroy abnormal CELLS, VIRUS-INFECTED CELLS, and/or transplant CELLS
Specific

45
Q

What is the F of HELPER T CELLS?

Are they a specific or non-specific defense mechanism?

A

T CELLS that secrete CYTOKINES (chemical signals) that mobilize other IMMUNE CELLS
Specific

46
Q

What is the F of MEMORY CELLS?

Are they a specific or non-specific defense mechanism?

A

Long-lived T/B LYMPHOCYTES that are produced following exposure to an ANTIGEN and provide IMMUNITY over many years
specific

47
Q

What is the F of PERFORINS?

Are they a specific or non-specific defense mechanism?

A

Proteins secreted by NKs and CYTOTOXIC Ts that make holes in target CELLS
Non-specific

48
Q

What is the F of GRANZYMES?

Are they a specific or non-specific defense mechanism?

A

ENZYMES released by NKs and CYTOTOXIC Ts that induce CELL death by degrading cellular PROTEINS and DNA
Non-specific

49
Q

What is the F of ANTIGEN-PRESENTING (AP) CELLS?

Are they a specific or non-specific defense mechanism?

A

Display foreign ANTIGENS on MHC 2 PROTEINS to HELPER Ts

Non-specific

50
Q

What is the F of B CELLS?

Are they a specific or non-specific defense mechanism?

A

ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELLS; differentiate into PLASMA CELLS

Specific

51
Q

What is the F of PLASMA CELLS?

Are they a specific or non-specific defense mechanism?

A

B LYMPHOCYTES that secrete ANTIBODIES

Specific

52
Q

What is the F of ANTIBODIES?

Are they a specific or non-specific defense mechanism?

A

PROTEINS secreted by PLASMA CELLS that circulate in the BLOOD where they recognize and bind foreign ANTIGENS

53
Q

4 LYMPHOID organs

A
  1. THYMUS
  2. SPLEEN
  3. TONSILS
  4. APPENDIX
54
Q

Where are B CELLS produced?

A

In the BONE MARROW

55
Q

Explain PASSIVE IMMUNITY

A

PASSIVE IMMUNITY is when a person is given ANTIBODIES rather than producing them in their own IMMUNE SYSTEM

56
Q

Explain ACTIVE IMMUNITY

A

ACTIVE IMMUNITY is when the body produces it’s own ANTIBODIES, may take a lot longer

BIO 153 (13 decks)

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