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BIO 153 > Hemostasis > Flashcards

Hemostasis Flashcards

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1
Q

What is HEMOSTASIS?

A

The stoppage of bleeding

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2
Q

HEMOSTASIS occurs in response to…

A

BLOOD VESSEL damage

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3
Q

What triggers HEMOSTASIS?

A

CHEMICALS released or activated by damaged CELLS and PLATELETS

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4
Q

Two F’s of HEMOSTASIS:

A

1) Prevent BLOOD loss

2) Build frame for TISSUE repair

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5
Q

What are the three steps of HEMOSTASIS?

A

1) VASCULAR PHASE
2) PLATELET PHASE
3) COAGULATION

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6
Q

What happens when a damaged VESSEL has a VASCULAR SPASM?

A

The VESSEL constricts, and the SMOOTH MUSCLE contracts, thus decreasing BLOOD flow

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7
Q

What do ENDOTHELIAL CELLS (lining BLOOD VESSELS) release?

A

ENDOTHELINS (peptide hormones)

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8
Q

Three F’s of ENDOTHELINS:

A

1) Stim. contraction of SMOOTH MUSCLE in BLOOD VESSEL wall
2) Make ENDOTHELIUM sticky
3) Stim. CELL division/repair

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9
Q

COLLAGEN FIBERS are exposed when ___________ is damaged

A

ENDOTHELIUM

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10
Q

What sticks to the exposed COLLAGEN FIBERS?

A

PLATELETS

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11
Q

What stabilizes bound PLATELETS?

A

A PLASMA PROTEIN called the VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR (vWF)

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12
Q

As PLATELETS become sticky, other PLATELETS _________

A

Aggregate

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13
Q

The adhesion/aggregation of PLATELETS results in what?

A

A PLATELET PLUG

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14
Q

Activated PLATELETS release granules containing these four substances:

A

1) SEROTONIN
2) THROMBOXANE A2 and ADP
3) PDGF aka PLATELET derived growth factor
4) Ca2+

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15
Q

F of SEROTONIN:

A

F - Stim. VASCULAR SPASM and PLATELET aggregation

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16
Q

F of THROMBOXANE A2 and ADP:

A

F - Stim. PLATELET aggregation

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17
Q

F of PDGF:

A

F - Promotes VESSEL repair

18
Q

F of Ca2+:

A

F - Promotes COAGULATION

No Ca2+, no COAGULATION

19
Q

As more PLATELETS aggregate, more chemicals are released, attracting more PLATELETS. This is ________ ________

A

POSITIVE FEEDBACK

20
Q

When BLOOD goes from liquid to gel it is known as:

A

COAGULATION aka BLOOD CLOTTING

21
Q

A CLOT = ?

A

A tangle of FIBRIN (a FIBROUS PROTEIN) and CELLS

22
Q

What triggers CLOT formation?

A

Sequential activation of CLOTTING FACTORS

23
Q

What are CLOTTING FACTORS?

A

PROTEINS in BLOOD; many are ENZYMES

24
Q

CLOTTING FACTORS circulate as what?

A

Inactive PROCOAGULANTS

25
Q

What must be activated for COAGULATION to occur?

A

The inactive PROCOAGULANTS circulating

26
Q

Where are most CLOTTING FACTORS made?

A

In the LIVER

27
Q

How many COAGULATION PATHWAYS are there?

A

Two; the INTRINSIC PATHWAY and the EXTRINSIC PATHWAY`

28
Q

Where is the INTRINSIC PATHWAY initiated?

A

Within the BLOOD

29
Q

When is the INTRINSIC PATHWAY triggered?

A

When CLOTTING FACTOR XII and PLATELETS are activated by COLLAGEN

30
Q

What is required for the INTRINSIC PATHWAY

A

PLATELET PHOSPHOLIPID (PF3)

31
Q

When is PF3 expressed?

A

When PLATELETS are exposed to COLLAGEN (COLLAGEN is in CT and walls of torn BLOOD VESSELS)

32
Q

What can occur when BLOOD is exposed to glass and why?

A

COAGULATION, glass has a negatively charged surface that has the same effect as COLLAGEN

33
Q

Where is the EXTRINSIC PATHWAY initiated?

A

By chemicals external to the BLOOD

34
Q

What activates the EXTRINSIC PATHWAY?

A

A chemical released by damaged CELLS

35
Q

What chemicals do damaged CELLS release?

A

TISSUE FACTOR (TF)/THROMBOPLASTIN

36
Q

What does TF activate?

A

PLATELETS

37
Q

Which COAGULATION PATHWAY is faster?

A

EXTRINSIC; < two minutes, whereas INTRINSIC = two - three minutes

38
Q

Both PATHWAYS activate ________ ______ _

A

CLOTTING FACTOR X

39
Q

What does CLOTTING FACTOR X initiate?

A

The COMMON PATHWAY

40
Q

What does the COMMON PATHWAY result in?

A

A network of FIBRIN

41
Q

Normally, both PATHWAYS are activated simultaneously by ______

A

Injury

BIO 153 (13 decks)

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