Cardiovascular: Anatomy of the Heart

Question 1

Roughly how big is the HEART?

Answer 1

The size of a fist, 250 - 350g

Question 2

Where does the HEART lie?

Answer 2

In the MEDIASTINUM

Question 3

Which 2 circuits does the HEART pump BLOOD through?

Answer 3

1) The SYSTEMIC CIRCUIT

2) The PULMONARY CIRCUIT

Question 4

Explain the SYSTEMIC CIRCUIT

Answer 4

Oxygenated BLOOD goes from the HEART to the BODY, then DEoxygenated BLOOD goes from the BODY to the HEART

Question 5

Explain the PULMONIC CIRCUIT

Answer 5

DEoxygenated BLOOD goes from the HEART to the LUNGS, then Oxygenated BLOOD goes from the LUNGS to the HEART

Question 6

What is the name, S, and F of the outer most layer of the HEART?

Answer 6

Name = The FIBROUS PERICARDIUM
S = DENSE CT
F = Anchors the HEART and prevents overfilling

Question 7

What is the name of the middle layer of the HEART?

Answer 7

PARIETAL PERICARDIUM

Question 8

What is the name of the cavity between the middle and inner layers of the HEART? What is in the cavity?

Answer 8

The PERICARDIAL CAVITY, filled with SEROUS FLUID

Question 9

What is the name of the inner most layer of the HEART?

Answer 9

The VISCERAL PERICARDIUM aka the EPICARDIUM

Question 10

What makes up the SEROUS PERICARDIUM?

Answer 10

The PARIETAL PERICARDIUM, the PERICARDIAL CAVITY, and the VISCERAL PERICARDIUM

Question 11

What are the 3 layers of the HEART WALL?

Answer 11

1) The EPICARDIUM aka the VISCERAL PERICARDIUM, made of SIMPLE SQUAMOUS and AREOLAR
2) The MYOCARDIUM, made of CARDIAC MUSCLE
3) The ENDOCARDIUM, made of SIMPLE SQUAMOUS and AREOLAR

Question 12

How many chambers of the HEART are there?

Answer 12

4

Question 13

What are the 4 chambers of the HEART?

Answer 13

1) R. ATRIUM
2) R. VENTRICLE
3) L. ATRIUM
4) L. VENTRICLE

Question 14

The R. ATRIUM receives BLOOD from the ____.

Answer 14

Body

Question 15

The R. VENTRICLE receives BLOOD from the _ _____.

Answer 15

R. ATRIUM

Question 16

The L. ATRIUM receives BLOOD from the _____.

Answer 16

LUNGS

Question 17

The L. VENTRICLE receives BLOOD from the _ ______

Answer 17

L. ATRIUM

Question 18

The R and L sides of the HEART are separated by what?

Answer 18

A thick wall known as the INTRAVENTRICULAR SEPTUM

Question 19

S and F of HEART VALVES

Answer 19

S - Flaps (cusps) of ENDOCARDIUM and DENSE CT

F - Prevents backflow

Question 20

Location and names of the 2 ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVES

Answer 20

1) TRICUSPID VALVE, between the R. ATRIUM and VENTRICLE

2) BICUSPID aka MITRAL VALVE, between L. ATRIUM and VENTRICLE

Question 21

What is the role of the PAPILLARY MUSCLES and CHORDAE TENDONEAE?

Answer 21

They anchor the ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVES to prevent them from collapsing during contraction

Question 22

L and F of the SEMILUNAR VALVES

Answer 22

L - Between VENTRICLES and large ARTERIES of the HEART

F - Prevent backflow into VENTRICLES from ARTERIES leaving HEART

Question 23

BLOOD TURBULENCE is associated with ____ _______

Answer 23

VALVE closure

Question 24

What makes the “lubb” sound of the HEART?

Answer 24

ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVE closure, follows ATRIAL CONTRACTION

Question 25

What makes the “dubb” sound of the HEART?

Answer 25

SEMILUNAR VALVE closure, following VENTRICULAR CONTRACTION

Question 26

What is a HEART murmur?

Answer 26

Abnormal sounds during auscultation of the HEART