Lab 6 (begin Exam 2)

Question 1

Tongue

Answer 1

Manipulates food during chewing and initiates swallowing
Stratified squamous epithelium, skeletal muscle, nervous

Question 2

Oral Cavity

Answer 2

The mouth
Where food enters the digestive tract
Strat squam epithelium, skeletal muscle, nervous

Question 3

Pharynx

Answer 3

First area food passes through in posterior oral cavity
Common passageway for food, fluid, and air
2 layers muscle, stratified squamous epithelium in mucosa

Question 4

Esophagus

Answer 4

Food passageway that conducts food to the stomach with peristaltic motion
Skeletal muscle superiorly and smooth closer to stomach

Question 5

Stomach

Answer 5

Mechanically and chemically digest food
Muscle and simple columnar epithelium

Question 6

Large intestine

Answer 6

Consolidate and propel the unusable fecal matter toward the anus and eliminate it from the body. It also a habitat for bacteria to produce vitamins b and k and reclaims water from undigested food
Smooth muscle, simple columnar epith.

Question 7

Anus

Answer 7

Where feces are excreted
Smooth muscle, epith.

Question 8

Salivary glands

Answer 8

Empty secretions into digestive cavity, secretions contain enzymes that aid in digestion
Stratified epithelium

Question 9

Liver

Answer 9

Processes the blood, breaks down, balances, and creates nutrients and metabolizes drugs into forms that are easier to use
Connective tissue proteins (collagen, proteoglycans, glycoproteins)

Question 10

Gallbladder

Answer 10

Stores and concentrates bile from the liver
Mucosa, smooth muscle, peri muscular layer, serosa

Question 11

Pancreas

Answer 11

Secretes pancreatic juice to help break down food, control blood sugar, and tell stomach when to empty
Exocrine tissue, islets of Langerhans (endocrine cells)

Question 12

Teeth

Answer 12

(mastication) chew and mash food
Enamel, dentin, cementum and pulp

Question 13

Taeniae Coli

Answer 13

Move fecal matter through the large intestine
Long bands of smooth muscle

Question 14

4 types of teeth

Answer 14

Incisors, Canines, Premolars, Molars

Question 15

Incisors

Answer 15

Chisel and shear food
Age of appearance: 6-8 months and 7 years

Question 16

Canines

Answer 16

Tearing
Age of appearance: 16-20 months and 11 years

Question 17

Pre molars

Answer 17

Grinding
Age of appearance: 11 yrs

Question 18

Molars

Answer 18

Fine grinding
Age of appearance: 6-7 years

Question 19

Mucosa

Answer 19

Secretion of mucus, digestive enzymes, and hormones. Absorption of end products into blood, protection against disease
Epithelium, areolar connective, muscularis mucosae (thin smooth muscle)
Inner most layer

Question 20

4 tissue types of small intestine

Answer 20

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, Serosa

Question 21

Submucosa

Answer 21

Blood vessels absorb and transport nutrients, elastic helps maintain shape of organ
Areolar and dense irregular CT
BV, lymph vessels, nerve fibers

Question 22

Muscularis Externa

Answer 22

Segmentation and peristalsis of digested food along the tract are regulated
Inner and outer layer of Smooth muscle (circular and longitudinal)

Question 23

Serosa

Answer 23

Reduces friction as the digestive system organs slide across one another
Areolar connective tissue and simple squamous epith.

Question 24

Duodenum length

Answer 24

20-25cm

Question 25

Jejunum length

Answer 25

2.5 meters

Question 26

Ileum length

Answer 26

3 meters

Question 27

How is SI vs. LI function related to differences in Histology

Answer 27

The main function of the small intestine is to absorb nutrients so there is a maximum amount of surface area to do so. There are villi and microvilli in the small intestine. The large intestine removes excess water from the fecal matter and does not require the same amount of surface are so it has crypts but no villi. It is lined with simple columnar cells

Question 28

Physio Ex

Answer 28

Read and review PhEx pgs 119-130
Chemical digestion

Question 29

Amylase

Answer 29

optimal pH 7
Around the pH of the mouth because amylase is secreted by salivary glands to digest starch to maltose
Only digests starch, NOT cellulose

Question 30

Smallest substrate starch can be broken down into

Answer 30

Glucose monosaccharide

Question 31

Pepsin

Answer 31

Secreted by Chief cells in the stomach to digest peptides into amino acids
Optimal pH ~2 (stomach acidity)

Question 32

Lipase

Answer 32

Mostly present in small intestine
Digestion of fats (triglycerides) with the help of bile salts
Splits tri into 2 fatty acids
gastric and lingual lipase active in stomach in addition to pancreatic lipase of small intestine
Fat digestion makes things more acidic (lower pH)
Optimal pH of lipase is ~8

Question 33

Bile salts

Answer 33

Emulsify lipids
Separate the big lipid clumps and increase SA of lipids available to lipase