Lab 1 Flashcards
Components of cardiovascular system
Heart, veins, arteries, capillaries
Arteries
Carry blood away from the heart
Veins
Carry blood towards the heart
Pulmonary vs. systemic circulation
Pulmonary moves blood between lungs and heart
Systemic moves blood between heart and rest of the body
Size and shape of heart
size of fist, inverted cone
Pericardium function
Mechanical protection and lubrication to reduce friction
3 layers of the heart
Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
Why is it called the double pump?
B/c it pumps twice, once to the lungs then to the body
Where do you find deoxygenated vs. oxygenated blood
Deox: right atrium and right ventricle
Ox: left atrium, left ventricle
Purpose of valves
Prevent backflow of blood
Difference between atrioventricular and semilunar valves
AV separate atria and ventricles
Semilunar separate ventricles from great arteries
Pericardium
outermost layer of the heart wall; mechanical protection for the heart and big vessels and lubricates to reduce friction between the heart and surrounding surfaces
Epicardium
layer between the myocardium and innermost layer of pericardium; protects the heart, provides proper signals for heart formation and maturation, and epicardial signals play a role in the hearts injury response
Endocardium
Innermost layer of heart wall; protects the heart, is a barrier between the cardiac muscles and the bloodstream, and it also houses the heart’s conduction system
Myocardium
Middle layer of heart wall; made up of muscle fibers attached to fibrous rings; contractile function of cardiac pump
Apex
Bottom region of heart, “point”
Base
Top region of heart
R. Atrium
Receives deoxygenated blood from vena cava and coronary sinus. Empties blood into the right ventricle
R. Ventricle
Pumps deoxygenated blood received from the right atrium into the pulmonary trunk.
L. Atrium
Receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins and empties it into the left ventricle.
L. Ventricle
Responsible for pumping oxygenated blood into the aorta.
Interventricular Septum
Separates the two ventricles and ensures proper blood flow through the heart.
Tricuspid valve
Controls blood flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle and prevents backflow of blood
Mitral (bicuspid) valve
Controls blood flow from left atrium and left ventricle, prevents backflow
Aortic valve
Controls blood flow from left ventricle to the aorta, allows for only one way flow of blood out the aorta
Pulmonary valve
Allows blood to flow into the lungs without backflow into the ventricle
Chordae Tendineae
Maintain the position and tension of the AV valves
Papillary muscles
Prevent leakage through AV valves
Aorta
carries oxygen-rich blood away from heart to rest of the body
Pulmonary Trunk
Controls blood flow out of right ventricle
L. Pulmonary artery
Sends blood to the left lung
R. Pulmonary artery
Sends blood to right lung
Superior vena cava
Carries blood from the head neck arms and chest into the heart
Inferior vena cava
Carries blood from legs feet and organs of abdomen and pelvis into the heart
L.&R Pulmonary Veins
Collect O2 rich blood from the lungs and carry it to the heart
Fossa Ovalis
Communication between right and left atrium
Ligamentum Arteriosum
Attaches aorta to the pulmonary artery
L. Coronary artery
Supplies blood to the left side of the heart muscle
R. Coronary artery
Supplies blood to the right ventricle, right atrium, sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes
Circumflex artery
Supplies blood to the outer side and back of the heart
Anterior interventricular artery
Biggest supplier of oxygenated blood to heart’s left ventricle
Widowmaker
Posterior interventricular artery
Supply the inferior surface of myocardium and interventricular sulcus of heart with blood
R. Marginal artery
Provides blood supply to the lateral portion of the R. Ventricle
Great Cardiac vein
Returns deoxygenated blood from the anterior surface of the left ventricle
Middle cardiac vein
Empties deox blood into the coronary sinus, drains blood of external layer of myocardium
Small cardiac vein
Empties blood into the coronary sinus
Coronary Sinus
Carries deox blood into the right atrium
Characteristics of cardiac muscle histology
Branched, striated, intercalated discs, uni-nucleated
General blood flow through the heart
Enter right atrium through sup/inf vena cava or coronary sinus
Through tricuspid valve to RV
Through pulmonary valve to pulmonary trunk, to R&L pulmonary arteries
Return from lungs via R&L pulmonary veins and enter L. atrium
Through Bicuspid valve to L. Ventricle
Through aortic valve, out aorta to body via arteries
