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A&P 2 Lab > Lab 5 > Flashcards

Lab 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the lymph system

A

Transport leaked fluid back to BVs
Protect the body via removing foreign material, police body fluids, lymphocyte multiplication

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2
Q

Components of the Lymph system

A

Lymph vessels, lymph tissue, lymph nodes, lymphoid organs

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3
Q

Lymph transport

A

Lymphatic capillaries, collecting lymph vessels, lymphatic trunk, ducts in thoracic region

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4
Q

Right Lymph duct

A

Drains right upper body, head, and thorax to jugular and subclavian veins

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5
Q

Thoracic duct

A

Drains the rest of the body to jugular and subclavian veins

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6
Q

Cisterna Chyli

A

Collects lymph from digestive organs; big lipids
Receives Chyle

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7
Q

Lymph nodes

A

1000s along lymph paths, embedded in connective tissue
Site of multiplication of lymphocytes (T&B cells)
Many afferent lymph vessels, few efferent
Filter and fight infection
Located all over but prominent in neck, armpits, groin,

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8
Q

Lymph vessels

A

Three tunics, thinner walls, more valves, require pumping for transport of lymph

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9
Q

Agglutination

A

Clumping together of particles as an immune response, falls out of solution
Clumping allows for increase efficacy of phagocytosis (get rid of pathogens in group)

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10
Q

Agglutination in blood typing

A

RBCs agglutinate and clumps can then block flow
Caused by the interaction between antibodies and antigens

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11
Q

Blood typing

A

Antigens present, accompanied by self-tolerant antibodies
ex: Type B has Anti A so agglutinates in Anti B

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12
Q

Immune response

A

systemic; Immune system recognizes something as foreign and acts to destroy it

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13
Q

Characteristics of immune response

A

Memory, specificity, self-tolerance

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14
Q

2 systems of immunity

A

Innate immunity
Adaptive immunity

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15
Q

Innate immunity Characteristics

A

Quick (Minutes to hours)
Limited specificity
Same response every time
barriers, phagocytes, pattern recognition

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16
Q

Adaptive immunity characteristics

A

Long (days)
High specificity
MEMORY
More rapid and effective after every exposure
T and B, antigen specific receptors, antibodies

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17
Q

Innate immune response

A

First line of defense that is fast but nonspecific
Uses germ-line-encoded recognition and phagocytic cells
Begins inflammatory response

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18
Q

Adaptive immune response

A

Humoral and cell mediated (B&T)
Slow (days), highly specific
Uses randomly generated antigen receptors

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19
Q

How do innate and adaptive work together

A

Innate response produces signal molecules that stimulate and direct adaptive

20
Q

Primary response

A

Initiated on first exposure, memory lymphocytes left behind after antigen gone

21
Q

Secondary response

A

Initiated upon second exposure to same antigen
Faster, better response due to adaptive memory

22
Q

Barriers

A

Prevent pathogen entry into body
Skin and mucosal membranes
Immune cells sit right under barrier incase of entry \

23
Q

Antigen

A

Foreign molecules that induce immune response

24
Q

Lymphocyte

A

Cells that recognize antigens, initiate immune response, surface receptors to recognize antigens

25
Q

Three types of lymphocytes

A

Natural killer cells, innate
T cells
B cells

26
Q

Maturation

A

becoming immunocompetent- capable of carrying out response
Self-tolerance

27
Q

Antibody

A

B-cells
Bind a specific antigen, tag them for destruction, produced in red bone marrow

28
Q

Granules and cells that have them

A

Vesicle tightly packed with chemicals
Neutrophils, Eosinophil, Basophil, Mast cell

29
Q

T-cells

A

T helper: dumps signal proteins
T Cytotoxic: kill infected cells

30
Q

Plasma cell

A

Antibody protection

31
Q

Natural killer cell

A

Poke hole in cell, place granule inside which leads to cell death, recognize virus-infected cells
Produced in bone marrow

32
Q

How do antibodies become specific

A

Bases are inserted via transcriptional changes to T-cell antigen receptor to match antigen

33
Q

Spleen

A

Filter for blood, upper left abdomen

34
Q

Thymus

A

Surveillance and protection of pathogens; production and maturation of immune cells
upper chest behind sternum

35
Q

Bone marrow

A

Produces components of blood
Center of bones

36
Q

Cells associated with innate immunity

A

Dendritic, mast, macrophage, NK, Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Basophil, granulocytes

37
Q

Cells associated with adaptive immunity

A

B cell
T cell

38
Q

Macrophages

A

Detects, phagocytose, and destroy antigens, activate other immune cells
Come from blood monocytes

39
Q

What brings antigen to lymph nodes and what happens in the lymph node once antigen is there

A

Dendrites bring antigen to lymph node via afferent lymph vessels
They migrate deep to trigger T-cells

40
Q

What causes a white blood cell to escape the BV and migrate to infection

A

Chemical mediators come from inflamed tissue
Adhesion molecules on surface of leukocytes regulate

41
Q

What results in an autoimmune disorder

A

When the body cannot detect self vs non self and starts attacking itself

42
Q

Why is type O- the universal donor

A

They have NONE of the blood proteins so the immune system would never detect a “wrong” protein

43
Q

Why is AB+ Universal acceptor

A

They are tolerant of all possible proteins

44
Q

Why can’t a Rh - get Rh +

A

Rh - person would recognize the + proteins as foreign

45
Q

Blood each type can accept

A

A+: O -/+, A -/+
A-: O-, O+
B+: O -/+, B -/+
B-: O-, B-
AB+ ALL
AB-: O-, A-, B-, AB-
O+: O -/+
O-: O-

A&P 2 Lab (10 decks)

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