Lab #2 Flashcards
Connective tissue
is the most diverse and abundant class of tissue. It is characterized by having few cells
surrounded by extracellular matrix
Extracellular matrix
has two main components: protein fibers and ground substance. Depending on the type of connective tissue,
the matrix may be solid, semi-solid, gelatinous, or fluid.
Reticular fibers
are very fine and arranged into a branching framework in soft tissues.
Collagen fibers
are strong and have a rope-like structure. They are able to withstand pulling forces in a tissue.
Elastic fibers
have the ability to stretch and return to their original shape. We find these fibers in tissues that need to be
able to stretch and recoil without breaking.
fibroblast
cell that is responsible for
producing the extracellular matrix.
Areolar Connective Tissue
Areolar connective tissue is a loose, irregular connective tissue that acts as a general space filling tissue in our
bodies. It is an irregular tissue because the connective tissue fibers run in all directions, this allows the tissue
to withstand forces from multiple directions.
Areolar Connective Tissue - body location
Within the dermis
Reticular Connective Tissue
Reticular connective tissue is characterized by the presence of 3-D interlocking network of reticular fibers. these fibers surround and support the cells
located within the tissue. These fibers form a STROMA, or framework for support.
STROMA, formed by what CT and what is it?
The supportive framework of an organ (or gland or other structure), usually composed of connective tissue.
Reticular Connective Tissue - body location
Spleen
Adipose connective tissue
consists of connective tissue cells known as adipocytes that are specialized for the storage of lipid molecules
Adipose Connective Tissue - body location
Hypodermis
Dense regular connective tissue
consists of densely packed collagen fibers that are all oriented in the same
direction. Between the collagen fibers you will find scattered fibroblasts
Dense Regular Connective Tissue - body location
Tendons
Dense irregular connective tissue
consists of densely packed collagen fibers that are irregularly arranged, this
allows the tissue to withstand pulling forces from many directions. Scattered between the fibers you will find
fibroblasts.
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue - body location
Organ Capsules
Hyaline Cartilage Connective Tissue
consists of a dense network of collagen fibers in a gel-like matrix. Cartilage is avascular and
will have few cells in an abundant amount of matrix. The collagen fibers have the same refractive index as the
matrix and are not visible. The cartilage cells, known as chondrocytes, are found in spaces called lacunae.
Hyaline Cartilage - body location
Articular Cartilage
Cartilage cell are known as
chondrocytes and are housed in spaces called LACUNAE
Elastic Cartilage Connective Tissue
is very resilient and flexible due to the presence of numerous elastic fibers imbedded in the
matrix. Elastic cartilage contains numerous chondrocytes in lacunae. Specialized staining makes the elastic
fibers distinct and easy to locate.
Elastic Cartilage Connective Tissue - body location
Auricle of the Ear
Fibrocartilage Connective Tissue
s characterized by the presence of numerous bundles of collagen fibers visible within the
matrix. The matrix contains chondrocytes located within lacunae. The collagen fibers give the tissue great
tensile strength, and it is found in areas where firm support and strength are needed.
Fibrocartilage Connective Tissue - body location
Pubic Symphysis
Dense Bone Connective Tissue
dense bone reveals the presence of osteons or Haversian systems. Osteons have a
significant amount of matrix with few spaces. At the center of an osteon is a space known as a central canal,
the canals run the length of the bone and contain blood vessels and nerves. The smaller spaces in the osteon
are called lacunae. The cells within the lacunae are osteocytes.
Blood Connective Tissue
is a liquid connective tissue with a fluid matrix known as the plasma. The formed elements (or cells)
include leukocytes (white blood cells), erythrocytes (red blood cells) and platelets. Blood cells will be studied
in more detail in lab next semester with the circulatory system. For now, you should be able to distinguish
between leukocytes, erythrocytes and platelets.
Blood Connective Tissue - body location
Within the blood vessels
3 basic components of a neuron
first is the perikaryon (soma) or cell body, the
perikaryon contains the typical organelles including the nucleus. Extending out from the perikaryon are two
main types of cell processes: axons and dendrites.
Define epidermis
is the thinner, more superficial layer comprised of a keratinized,
stratified squamous epithelium.
dermis
thicker, deeper layer comprised of connective tissue.
Epidermis
▪ Stratum Corneum
▪ Stratum Lucidum
(in thick skin only) right below stratum corneum
▪ Stratum Granulosum
▪ Stratum Spinosum
▪ Stratum Basale
Dermis
▪ Dermal Papillae
Hypodermis
▪ Lamellated (Pacinian) Corpuscles
▪ Tactile (Meissner’s) Corpuscles
▪ Apocrine Sweat Glands
▪ Eccrine (Merocrine) Sweat Glands
Hair Follicle
▪ Hair Shaft
Cortex (hair)
Medulla (hair)
Cuticle (hair)
▪ Hair Root
▪ Hair Bulb
▪ Hair Papilla
Arrector Pili Muscle
Sebaceous Glands
KNOW HISTOLOGY FOR THE FOLLOWING!!!
Sweat Glands
▪ Apocrine Sweat Glands
▪ Eccrine Sweat Glands
Hair Follicle
▪ Hair Shaft
▪ Hair Bulb
Arrector Pili Muscle
Sebaceous Glands
Epidermis
▪ Stratum Corneum
▪ Stratum Lucidum
▪ Stratum Granulosum
▪ Stratum Spinosum
▪ Stratum Basale
Dermis
▪ Dermal Papillae
Hypodermis
