Lab 19- Joint structure and movements (test 2)

Question 1

fibrous joints

Answer 1

suture- dense fibrous connective tissue (synarthrosis)
gomphosis- periodontal ligament (synarthrosis): tooth sockets
Syndesmosis- dense fibrous connective tissue (amphiarthrosis): tibiofibular joint

Question 2

cartilaginous joints

Answer 2

synchondrosis- hyaline cartilage (synarthrosis): epiphyseal plates
symphysis- fibrocartilage (amphiarthrosis): pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs

Question 3

synovial joints

Answer 3

all have articular cartilage, a synovial membrane and a cavity filled with synovial fluid and are diarthrosic
Ball-and-socket: all planes of movement (hip and shoulder)
Hinge: flexion and extension (elbow, knee, intephalangeal)
Condylar (ellipsoid): flexion, extension, abduction, adduction (radiocarpal, metacarpophalangeal)
Pivot: rotation (radioulnar at elbow, dens at atlas)
Saddle: mainly two planes (base of thumb with trapezium)
Plane (gliding): sliding or twisting (intercarpal, intertarsal)

Question 4

flexion

Answer 4

decrease of angle (usually in the sagittal plane)

Question 5

lateral flexion

Answer 5

bending of the trunk (vertebral column) to the side

Question 6

extension

Answer 6

increase of an angle (usually in the sagittal plane)

Question 7

hyperextension

Answer 7

extension beyond anatomical position

Question 8

abduction

Answer 8

movement away from the midline (frontal plane)

Question 9

adduction

Answer 9

movement toward the midline (usually in the frontal plane)

Question 10

circumduction

Answer 10

circular movement

-combines abduction, adduction, flexion, and extension)

Question 11

rotation

Answer 11

movement of a part around its long axis

Question 12

medial rotation

Answer 12

internal rotation

Question 13

lateral rotation

Answer 13

external rotation

Question 14

gliding

Answer 14

back and forth and side to side sliding movements of plane joints

Question 15

supination

Answer 15

movement of PALM of hand anteriorly or upward

Question 16

pronation

Answer 16

movement of PALM of hand posteriorly or downward

Question 17

elevation

Answer 17

movement of body part upward

Question 18

depression

Answer 18

movement of body part downward

Question 19

dorsiflexion

Answer 19

movement of the ANKLE joint in the direction of the shin

Question 20

plantar flexion

Answer 20

movement of the ANKLE joint as to stand on the toes

Question 21

inversion

Answer 21

medial movement of the SOLE OF THE FOOT at the ankle

Question 22

eversion

Answer 22

lateral movement of the SOLE OF THE FOOT at the ankle

Question 23

protraction

Answer 23

anterior movement in the transverse plane

Question 24

retraction

Answer 24

posterior movement in the transverse plane

Question 25

excursion

Answer 25

special movement to the MANDIBLE when grinding food

• lateral-movement of the mandible laterally
• medial-movement of the mandible medially

Question 26

opposition

Answer 26

movement of the THUMB to touch another finger of the same hand

Question 27

reposition

Answer 27

return of THUMB to anatomical position