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IASM > L8: Nutrition > Flashcards

L8: Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of nutrient

A

Any chemical substance that provide structural or functional components or energy to the body.

Water, oxygen, amino acids (10 essential, 12 non-essential), carbohydrates, fatty acids, vitamins (13), minerals (16-20) and choline.

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2
Q

How to assess optimal body condition

A

A - Anthropometric
B - Biochemical
C - Clinical
D - Dietary

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3
Q

Obesity paradox

A

High BMI not associated with increased risk of cardiovascular mortality

—> Waist-to-hip ratio, Body-fat percentage/ distribution, abdominal obesity might be better anthropometric measurements

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4
Q

What are different Dietary Reference Intake (DRI)?

A
  1. AI: adequate intake (AIs are values based on observed or experimentally determined approximations of nutrient intake by a group of healthy people. AIs are used when there is not enough data to establish an EAR and set an RDA.)
  2. RDA: recommended daily allowance (sufficient for 97-98% of healthy population)
  3. EAR: estimated average requirement (okay for 50% population)
  4. UL: upper limit (highest level of daily nutrient intake that is likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals in the general population.)
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5
Q

What are the components of human energy requirements

A
  1. Basal metabolism (45-70% daily total energy expenditure, protein largest proportion of daily metabolism, since most metabolism related to protein, then carbohydrates, lastly lipid)
  2. Metabolic response to food (energy used to process food)
  3. Physical activity (2nd largest components)
  4. Growth
  5. Pregnancy and lactation
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6
Q

What is a kilocalorie

A

Increase 1 oC/K of 1 gram of water

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7
Q

Function of protein

A
  1. Growth and repair
  2. Structural support
  3. Transport (across cell membrane)
  4. Cell signalling
  5. Maintenance of osmotic pressure
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8
Q

Function of lipid

A
  1. Membrane structure
  2. Signalling
  3. Lipid-soluble vitamin
  4. Absorb shock and protect organ
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9
Q

Function of carbohydrates

A

Universal substrate for energy production

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10
Q

Function of water

A
  1. Transport, distribution and removal of materials
  2. Plasma
  3. Lubrication
  4. Temperature homeostasis
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