L8: Lower Limb-muscle groups Flashcards
fascia lata=
thigh fascia
what is the fascia lata continuous with superiorly (3)
- inguinal ligament
- scarpa’s fascia
- bony pelvis
what muscles does the fascia lata encapsulate
Gluteus maximus and Tensor fascia latae
what is the small opening in the fascia lata near the inguinal ligament called
saphenous opening
what happens at the saphenous opening
great saphenous vein pierces through the deep fascia to go from being superficial to deep
on the lateral side what does the fascia lata thicken to become
iliotibial tract
fascia distal to knee=
crural fascia
what is the crurual fascia continuous with
fascia lata
what does the crural fascia fuse with distally
periosteum os the subcutaneous bone (tibia bone)
what does the crural fascia thicken distally to become
extensor retinacula
2 forms of deep leg fascia
fascia lata
crural fascia
does deep fascia stretch
no
compartments in thigh
anterior, posterior and medial
compartments in leg
anterior, lateral and posterior
2 reasons for compartment syndrome
- increased fluid content
2. External compression
how to fix compartment syndrome
fasciotomy
a very late sign of compartment syndrome=
no pulse present
5 areas of the lower limb
- gluteal region
- iliac region
- thigh
- leg
- foot
iliac region action–>
hip flexors
gluteal region action
only on hip –> abductors, rotators and extensors
anterior thigh action=
hip flexors and knee extensors
medial thigh action=
hip adductors
posterior thigh action=
hip extensors, knee flexors
anterior leg action=
ankle extensors/ dorsiflexors
lateral leg action=
ankle everters
posterior leg action
ankle flexors/ plantar flexors
4 muscles of the quadriceps femoris
- rectus femoris
- vastus medialis
- vastus intermedius
- vastus lateralis
what does rectus femoris look like
a feather
what muscle of the quadriceps is the only muscle to cross the hip joint
rectus femoris
origin of rectus femoris
anterior inferior iliac spine
where does rectus femoris insert into
patella
action of rectus femoris
knee extension
flexion of hip
Vastus muscles insertion=
vast:
they insert onto the femur covering the middle and distal surface of the bone
what muscle takes up the lateral side of the thigh
vastus lateralis
what runs over the top of vastus lateralis
iliotibial tract
longest muscle in the body=
sartorius
origin of sartorius
anterior superior iliac spine
insertion of sartorius
top of the tibia
action of sartorius
flex hip
flex knee joint
odd muscle out in the anterior compartment
pectineus
why is pectineus odd in the anterior compartment
its a adductor (all other adductors are in the medial compartment)
pectineus origin=
pectineal line of pubis
pectineus insertion=
pectineal line of femur
nerve supply of anterior compartment
femoral nerve
artery supply of anterior compartment
femoral artery
action of the anterior compartment
extend knee and flex hip
3 muscles in medial compartment
- Adductors (brevis, longus and magnus)
- Gracilis
- Obturator externus
where do all the adductors insert
linea aspera
what is the linea aspera
raised ridge on the posterior aspect of tibia
adductor magnus is
a really big muscle with 2 functions
2 functions of adductor magnus
- adducts the hip joint
- also acts as a hamstring muscle to extend the hip
gracilis origin
just in front of the pubic synthesis
gracilis insertion
medial surface of proximal shaft of tibia
describe gracilis
muscle that travels straight down medially
gracilis inserts in the same place as
sartorius
deep muscle in the medial compartment
obturator externus
nerve supplying the medial compartment
obturator nerve
largest foramen in the body
obturator foramen
main function of the medial compartment
adduct hip
femoral triangle superior boundary
inguinal ligament
femoral triangle medial border= (2)
sartorius + adductor longus
floor of femoral triangle (3)
pectineus, iliopsoas, adductor longus
roof of femoral triangle
fascia lata
contents of the femoral triangle (4)
-femoral nerve
-femoral artery
-femoral vein
femoral canal
which bit of the femoral triangle isn’t in the femoral sheath
femoral nerve
what is the adductor canal
space that extends from femoral triangle distally down to the adductor hiatus
adductor hiatus=
space formed in the adductor Magnus (between the 2 separate parts of the muscle)
where does the adductor part of adductor Magnus attach
linea aspera
where does the hamstring part of adductor Magnus attach
adductor tubercle
what passes in the adductor canal
- femoral artery and vein (pass posteriorly into the popliteal fossa)
- Saphenous nerve exits medially between sartorius and gracilis
2 main nerves of lumbar plexus
femoral and obturator
2 areas that the lumbar plexus supplies
anterior and medial compartment
common origin of hamstring muscles (posterior compartment)
ischial tuberosity
3 muscles of hamstrings
semitendinosus
semimembranosus
biceps femoris
insertion of semitendinosus
medial surface of proximal tibia (where sartorius and gracilis attach)
what sits deep to semitendinosus
semimembranosus
muscle on lateral side of hamstring=
biceps femoris
which head of biceps femoris crosses the hip joint
long head (short head originates from femur)
where does biceps femoris insert
head of fibula
innervation of posterior compartment
sciatic nerve
specifically tibial nerve
action of posterior compartment
- extend hip
- flex knee
gluteal region muscles
- gluteus; maximus, medius, minimus
- piriformis
- obturator internus and gemelli
- quadratus femoris
- tensor fascia latae
largest volume of muscle in the body=
gluteus maximus
where does gluteus maximus mainly originate from
sacrum and iliac crest
where does gluteus maximus insert
posterior aspect of femur
what do gluteus medius and minimus do
abductor the hip
where do gluteus medius and minimus originate and insert
from iliac crest down onto the greater trochanter of the femur
which muscles are the only internal rotators of the gluteal region
gluteus medius and minimus
what is piriformis a good landmark for
the sciatic nerve
whats the action of obturator internus and gemelli
lateral rotators
twin in latin=
gemini
what is inbetween the 2 gemelli
obturator internus
role of quadratus femoris
lateral rotator
origin of quadratus femoris
ischial tuberosity
nerves to the gluteal region
superior and inferior gluteal nerves
what two nerves is the sciatic nerve made of
- the common fibular nerve
2. tibial nerve
superior gluteal nerve comes out ____ and supplies
superior to piriformis and supplies gluteus medius and minimus and tensor fascia lata
inferior gluteal nerve comes out _____
inferior to piriformis along with sciatic nerve
anterior compartment of leg contains which muscles
- tibialis anterior
- extensor hallucis longus
- extensor digitorum longus
- fibularis tertius
role of tibialis anterior
- inverter
- dorsiflexes the ankle
what muscle belly does fibularis tertius hijack
digitorum longus
where does fibularis tertius insert
5th metatarsal in foot
role of fibularis tertius
evertor
innervation of anterior compartment of leg
deep fibular nerve
artery for anterior compartment of leg
anterior tibial artery
2 muscles in lateral crural compartment
fibularis longus
fibularis brevis
innervation of lateral crural compartment
superficial fibular nerve
artery supply to lateral crural compartment
fibular artery (not found in this compartment)
action of lateral crural compartment
evert ankle
superficial muscles in posterior crural compartment
- gastrocnemius
- soleus
- plantaris
gastrocnemius originates and inserts
from femur inserting onto the calcaneus bone via calcaneal tendon
soleus originates from
posterior fibula and tibula
does soleus cross knee joint
no
soleus inserts into
calcaneal tendon/ bone
where does plantaris start
on the lateral epicondyle on femur
where does plantaris insert
calcaneal tendon
what is plantaris used for
proprioception
deep muscles in the posterior crural compartment
- tibialis posterior
- flexor digitorum longus
- flexor hallucis longus
- popliteus
action of tibialis posterior
plantar flex foot
innervation of the posterior crural compartment
tibial nerve
artery of the posterior crural compartment
posterior tibial artery
action of the posterior crural compartment
plantar flexors (flexors)
contents of the popliteal fossa
- popliteal artery and vein
- tibial nerve
- small saphenous vein
2 splits of the common fibular nerve
- superficial supplying lateral compartment
- deep supplying anterior compartment
myotomes hip flexion
L2 L3
myotomes hip extension
L4 L5
myotomes knee extension
L3 L4
myotomes knee flexion
L5 S1
myotomes dorsiflexion ankle
L4 L5
myotomes plantarflexion ankle
S1 S2
