L16: An approach to disorders of the nervous system Flashcards
CNS=
brain and spinal cord
7 features of the frontal lobe
- intellectual function
- praxis
- inhibition
- bladder continence
- saccadic eye movement
- motor function
- expressive language (dominant lobe)
frontal lobe dementia= (5)
- disinhibited behaviour
- sweet tooth
- reduced sense of smell
- bladder dysfunction
- gait apraxia
what is the medial motor homoculus (legs) supplied by
anterior cerebral artery
what is the lateral motor homoculus (arm) supplied by
middle cerebral artery
2 parts of corticospinal tract
- lateral corticospinal tract
- anterior corticospinal tract
where does the lateral corticospinal tract decussate
medullary pyramids
where does the anterior corticospinal tract decussate
spinal level
when does the corticospinal tract become fully myelinated
2 years old
midbrain cranial nerves=
3 and 4
pons cranial nerves=
5,6 and 7
medulla cranial nerves=
9,10,11,12
left middle cerebral artery stroke= (3)
- right upper motor facial weakness (lower face)
- expressive dysphasia
- right arm weaker than leg
anterior cerebral artery stroke =
- leg affected more than arm
- speech not affected
temporal lobe features
- memory
- smell
- hearing
- vestibular
- emotion
emotion in which system
limbic
temporal lobe epilepsy –>
- dejavu
- hallucinations of smell, taste, visual and spatial recognition
- panic
- tonic clonic seizures
occipital lobe feature
vision
parietal lobe features=
-sensory integration
-receptive language
dyslexia
2 main sensory tracts=
- DCML
- Spinothalamic
what kind of fibers does spinothalamic run through
small myelinated fibers
where do the sensory nerves of spinothalamic run
into dorsal root ganglion at each dermatome
where do spinothalamic decussate
ascend 1-2 spinal levels and decussate
anterior spinothalamic tract=
crude touch and pressure
lateral spinothalamic tract=
pain and temperature
where does spinothalamic terminate
sensory parietal cortex
dorsal columns sense
joint position, deep pressure and vibration
where does DCML decussate
medulla
where does DCML terminate
thalamus
left sided spinal cord injury–>
- right sided loss of pain, temp, crude touch
- left sided loss of proprioception
substania nigra produces
dopamine
red nucleus used for
-coordination
what is dopamine the precursor of
melanin
weber syndrome=
midbrain stroke
-oculomotor palsy
contralateral motor dysfunction
wallenburgs syndrome=
lateral medullary syndrome
lateral medullary syndrome caused by
posterior inferior cerebellar artery stroke
lateral medullary syndrome causes
- impaired gag reflex
- ipsilateral facial sensory loss
- ipsilateral horner’s
- vertigo
- altered taste
4 other brain stem functions
- respiratory centre
- cardiac centre
- reticular activating centre
- conduit for white matter tracts
3 parts of the cerebellum
- spinocerebellum
- vestibulocerebellum
- cerebrocerebellum
middle of the cerebellum=
vermis
anterior cerebellum damage=
lower limbs affected by alcohol
vestibulocerebellum used for
posture and balance
spinocerebellum used for
postural tone
cerebrocerebellum used for
fine coordination
Vanish’d features of cerebellar dysfunction
Vertigo Ataxia Nystagmus Intention tremor Slurred speech Hypotonia Dysmetria
what side do cerebellar lesions always affect
ipsilateral
