L4:management of fractures and soft tissue injury Flashcards
reasons for soft tissue injury (4)
Child abuse
Sports and leisure
older people
repetitive strain injury
what can a soft tissue injury effect (9)
Involves
- skin,
- subcutaneous tissue
- muscle
- ligament
- tendon
- nerve/blood vessel,
- capsule
- cartilage structures
most common sign of child abuse
bruising (ecchymosis)
what age group are fractures common in
children under 1
2 signs of child abuse
- burns
- Atypical fracture patterns
3 associations with old people injury
- falling
- Living in long term institutionalised care
- age-related changes in skin
immediate management acronym
PRICE
PRICE=
- protection
- rest
- ice
- compression
- elevation
when to consider surgical repair (5)
- heavily contaminated
- Nerve/vascular damage suspected
- loss of tendon function
- communicates with joint cavity
- underlying fracture
4 types of fracture
- Closed/simple
- open/ compound
- undisplaced
- displaced
closed fracture=
skin intact
fracture uncontaminated
open fracture=
soft tissues and fractures are contaminated –> risk of infection
4 ways to describe how fractures pass along a bone
oblique
comminuted
spiral
compound
comminuted=
more than one piece of bone is broken
a pathological fracture=
a fracture occurring in abnormal bone
Paget’s disease=
osteitis deformans
most common reason for abnormal bone=
osteoporosis
what is a avulsion fracture
where soft tissue is attached to bone –> ligament or muscle
stress fracture=
repeated abnormal stresses to normal bone
4 principles of injured persons management
- primary survey
- Resuscitation
- secondary survey
- Definitive care
primary survey=
airways, breathing, circulation, disability, exposure
resuscitation=
oxygen
ventilation
fluid replacement,
monitoring of vital signs
secondary survey=
complete evaluation including diagnostic tests
5 key features of fractures and soft tissues
- local bone tenderness
- crepitus
- deformity
- swelling
- lost function
MRI shows good
soft tissue detail
MRI shows limited
bone detail
3 stages of open fracture management=
Protection
debridement
stabilisation
Every ____ needs reduction
dislocation
