L4:management of fractures and soft tissue injury

Question 1

reasons for soft tissue injury (4)

Answer 1

Child abuse
Sports and leisure
older people
repetitive strain injury

Question 2

what can a soft tissue injury effect (9)

Answer 2

Involves

• skin,
• subcutaneous tissue
• muscle
• ligament
• tendon
• nerve/blood vessel,
• capsule
• cartilage structures

Question 3

most common sign of child abuse

Answer 3

bruising (ecchymosis)

Question 4

what age group are fractures common in

Answer 4

children under 1

Question 5

2 signs of child abuse

Answer 5

• burns

- Atypical fracture patterns

Question 6

3 associations with old people injury

Answer 6

• falling
• Living in long term institutionalised care
• age-related changes in skin

Question 7

immediate management acronym

Answer 7

PRICE

Question 8

PRICE=

Answer 8

• protection
• rest
• ice
• compression
• elevation

Question 9

when to consider surgical repair (5)

Answer 9

• heavily contaminated
• Nerve/vascular damage suspected
• loss of tendon function
• communicates with joint cavity
• underlying fracture

Question 10

4 types of fracture

Answer 10

1. Closed/simple
2. open/ compound
3. undisplaced
4. displaced

Question 11

closed fracture=

Answer 11

skin intact

fracture uncontaminated

Question 12

open fracture=

Answer 12

soft tissues and fractures are contaminated –> risk of infection

Question 13

4 ways to describe how fractures pass along a bone

Answer 13

oblique
comminuted
spiral
compound

Question 14

comminuted=

Answer 14

more than one piece of bone is broken

Question 15

a pathological fracture=

Answer 15

a fracture occurring in abnormal bone

Question 16

Paget’s disease=

Answer 16

osteitis deformans

Question 17

most common reason for abnormal bone=

Answer 17

osteoporosis

Question 18

what is a avulsion fracture

Answer 18

where soft tissue is attached to bone –> ligament or muscle

Question 19

stress fracture=

Answer 19

repeated abnormal stresses to normal bone

Question 20

4 principles of injured persons management

Answer 20

1. primary survey
2. Resuscitation
3. secondary survey
4. Definitive care

Question 21

primary survey=

Answer 21

airways, breathing, circulation, disability, exposure

Question 22

resuscitation=

Answer 22

oxygen
ventilation
fluid replacement,
monitoring of vital signs

Question 23

secondary survey=

Answer 23

complete evaluation including diagnostic tests

Question 24

5 key features of fractures and soft tissues

Answer 24

• local bone tenderness
• crepitus
• deformity
• swelling
• lost function

Question 25

MRI shows good

Answer 25

soft tissue detail

Question 26

MRI shows limited

Answer 26

bone detail

Question 27

3 stages of open fracture management=

Answer 27

Protection
debridement
stabilisation

Question 28

Every ____ needs reduction

Answer 28

dislocation