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Block 12 Ellen > L12: The lower limb; the knee > Flashcards

L12: The lower limb; the knee Flashcards

1
Q

the largest synovial joint in the body=

A

the knee

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2
Q

2 joints in the knee

A

patellofemoral

tibiofemoral

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3
Q

where do fractures on the tibial plateau nearly always happen

A

on the lateral side as the medial side is supported by bone

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4
Q

what does a sesamoid bone mean

A

it forms within a tendon

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5
Q

what does the patella enable

A

more efficient extension of the knee

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6
Q

genu valgum=

A

knees together

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7
Q

genu varum=

A

knees apart

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8
Q

what is the medial collateral ligament attached to

A
  • part forms the capsule

- part inside the capsule is attached to the medial meniscus

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9
Q

what forces does the medial collateral ligament resist

A

valgus forces

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10
Q

is the lateral collateral ligament intracapsular

A

no (its extracapsular)

not attached to a meniscus

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11
Q

what forces does the LCL resist

A

varus forces

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12
Q

what kind of stability do cruciate ligaments provide

A

static stability

rotational stability

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13
Q

where are cruciate ligaments

A

intracapsular but extrasynovial

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14
Q

where does the anterior cruciate ligament attach

A

anterior intercondylar region of tibia and ascends posteriorly to femur

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15
Q

where does the posterior anterior cruciate ligament attach

A

posteriorly on the intercondylar region of the tibia and ascends anteriorly to attach to the femur in the intercondylar fossa

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16
Q

when is the anterior cruciate ligament taut

A

extension

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17
Q

what does the anterior cruciate ligament prevent

A

posterior displacement of femur on fixed tibia

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18
Q

tests for ACL rupture

A

Lachman’s test

anterior draw test

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19
Q

when is the PCL taut

A

in flexion

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20
Q

what does the posterior cruciate ligament prevent

A

prevents anterior displacement of femur on fixed tibia

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21
Q

when is PCL injured

A

blow to the knee whilst flexed

22
Q

shape of medial menisci

A

C - cresent

23
Q

shape of lateral menisci

A

O - oval shape

24
Q

what is the medial menisci attached to

A

MCL

25
Q

what is the lateral menisci attached to

A

popliteus tendon

26
Q

which menisci is fixed

A

medial (lateral is mobile)

27
Q

how are the menisci connected anteriorly

A

transverse ligament

28
Q

3 things menisci do

A
  • increased stability
  • increased weight distribution
  • decreased loading stress
29
Q

what are menisci surrounded by

A

synovial fluid (they are within the capsule)

30
Q

terrible triad =

A

torn medial collateral ligament, medial meniscus and ACL

31
Q

knee locking mechanism=

A
  • medial rotation of femur on tibia = screw-home locking mechanism
32
Q

most stable knee position=

A

taut ligaments- ACL,MCL, oblique popliteal

33
Q

key to the knee=

A

popliteus

34
Q

what does popliteus do

A
  • laterally rotates the tibia underneath the femur to unlock it
  • simultaneously retracts lateral meniscus to prevent impaction
35
Q

what does the deep 1/2 of popliteus do

A

helps pull the lateral meniscus out of the way

36
Q

what does the superficial 1/2 of popliteus do

A

can pull the tibia in an internal rotation

37
Q

innervation of popliteus

A

tibial nerve

38
Q

the vastus muscles work only on_____

A

the knee

39
Q

which quadricep works on the hip

A

rectus femoris

40
Q

where do quadricep muscles come into

A

the patella tendon

41
Q

where does the patella tendon insert into

A

tibial tuberosity

42
Q

where does the iliotibial band run from and to

A

iliac crest to lateral tibial condyle

43
Q

what is the iliotibial band

A

thickening of fascia lata

44
Q

2 muscles the iliotibial band is acted on by

A

tensor fascia lata

gluteus maximus

45
Q

what do the muscles acting on the iliotibial band do

A

pull knee into hyperextension

46
Q

3 hamstrings

A

semitendinosus
semimembranosus
biceps femoris

47
Q

what is pes anserinus

A

goose foot

48
Q

3 muscles from each thigh compartment that attach on medial proximal aspect of tibia

A
  • gracilis
  • semitendinosus
  • sartorius
49
Q

which bursa of the knee if often inflamed in repetitive movement

A

suprapatellar bursa

50
Q

what does the anterolateral ligament do

A

attach femur to tibia on lateral side

51
Q

which direction of patellar dislocation is more likely

A

lateral dislocation

Block 12 Ellen (25 decks)

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