L7+L8 Cardiac Rview

Question 1

What is cardiac output for both pulmonary and vascular circulation?

Answer 1

4 L/min

Question 2

Why is a lower pressure needed in the pulmonary circulation?

Answer 2

less resistance

Question 3

What is the role of the SA node?

Answer 3

generate the APs

Question 4

What is the role of the AV node?

Answer 4

allow the AP to jump between ventricles

Question 5

2 controls of stroke volume

Answer 5

sympathetic stimulation

frank starling law

Question 6

What is the Frank-Starling law

Answer 6

output=input and the two sides have to match

forces of contraction of the heart increases when the end-diastolic pressure and volume is increased

Question 7

What is afterload

Answer 7

load heart has to pump against to get heart to contract

Question 8

What can afterload be increased by

Answer 8

hypertension
aortic valve stenosis
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

concentric hypertrophy (walls are thicker)

Question 9

What is preload

Answer 9

amount of blood heart is filled with between beats

Question 10

What is preload increased by

Answer 10

valve disease (leaky)

eccentric hypertrophy (chamber size increases)

Question 11

What are the acute consequences of MI

Answer 11

pain, breathlessness, dizziness, shock, death

arrhythmias (death if VT)

Question 12

Long term consequence of MI

Answer 12

scar which can potentially bulge and cause a tear

heart working harder to compensate for scar

Question 13

What is collateral circulation

Answer 13

heart receiving blood from multiple arteries