L25 colon cancer

Question 1

3 types of genetic colon cancer

Answer 1

FAP
Lynch syndrome
MYH-associated polyopsis

Question 2

What genetic mutation is FAP

Answer 2

APC which is a tumuor suppressor gene

hundreds and thousands of polyps

Question 3

What genetic mutation is Lynch syndrome

Answer 3

MMR

no/few polyps

Question 4

Cancer risk factors

Answer 4

age 
personal history of CRC
personal history of polyps
family history of CRC
colitis 
exposure to carcinogens

Question 5

Pathogenesis of CRC

Answer 5

normal epithelium to abnormal epithelium to small adenoma to large adenoma to colon carcinoma
10-15 years

Question 6

Staging

Answer 6

same as other cancers

T and N stages

Question 7

Symptoms

Answer 7

asymptomatic (detected via national bowel screening)
local symptoms (changes in bowel habit due to partial or complete obstruction)
advanced (tiredness, weight loss)

Question 8

Tests

Answer 8

CEA
gold standard: colonoscopy + biopsy

staged by MRI

Question 9

Curative treatments

Answer 9

surgical resection of primary tumour

chemotherapy as adjuvant therapy

Question 10

Palliative treatments

Answer 10

stenting of primary cancer

palliative chemo for metastatic