L3 Acute Inflammatory Diseases

Question 1

What is pneumonia and what is it usually caused by

Answer 1

inflammation of lung

usually caused by infectious agents

Question 2

Characteristics of lobar pneumonia

Answer 2

involves large portion or entire lobe, sudden onset, usually caused by streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 3

Characteristics of bronchopneumonia

Answer 3

more common in the immunosuppressed, most likely to affect both lungs, more likely to kill you, multi-lobal

Question 4

What can acute appendicitis be caused by

Answer 4

luminal obstruction such as fecalith, gallstone, tumor, ball of worms

Question 5

Pathogenesis of acute appendicitis (7)

Answer 5

luminal obstruction
continued secretion of mucus = increased pressure
possible mucosal ischaemia
mucosal injury
acute mucosal inflammation
secondary bacterial infection
spread of inflammation transmurally

Question 6

Three stages of appendicitis

Answer 6

early acute appendicitis (mucosal inflammation)
acute suppurative appendicitis (transmural inflammation)
acute gangrenous appendicitis (necrosis through muscularis externa)

Question 7

Clinical features of acute appendicitis

Answer 7

abdo pain (vague at first then becomes concentrated), low fever, tenderness

Question 8

What can occur as a result of appendicitis

Answer 8

septic shock

Question 9

What is bacterial meningitis

Answer 9

inflammation of pia and arachnoid mater and subarachnoid space, spreads rapidly, more deadly than viral

Question 10

What are the 4 routes of infection for bacterial meningitis

Answer 10

haematogenous spread
direct implantation (eg lumbar puncture)
local extension
via PNS

Question 11

What is the CSF like in bacterial meningitis and why

Answer 11

high protein and low glucose because bacteria are eating it, cloudy

Question 12

Clinical features of bacterial meningitis

Answer 12

headache, photophobia, neck stiffness, irritability, bulging fontanelle, clouding of consciousness