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Y3R4 - BMS 🏥 > L7: Constipation > Flashcards

L7: Constipation Flashcards

1
Q

frequency of normal bowel movements

A
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2
Q

Characters of constipated stool

A
  • Over desiccated.
  • Hard.
  • Dry.
  • Difficult to pass.
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3
Q

Causes of Constipation

A
  • Organic causes.
  • Functional causes.
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4
Q

Organic Causes of Constipation

A
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5
Q

Functional causes of Constipation

A
  • Alimentary constipation
  • Medicaments caused constipation
  • Laxative “addiction” constipation
  • Proctogenic constipation (dyschezia)
  • Symptomatic constipation
  • Atonic constipation
  • Inactivity Constipation
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6
Q

Manifestations of Alimentary constipation

A

Dec stool weight or bulk.

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7
Q

Causes of Alimentary constipation

A

lack of dietary fiber or liquids.

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8
Q

Manifestations of Medicaments caused constipation

A

Decreased Propulsive activity.

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9
Q

Causes of Medicaments caused constipation

A

Medications as

  • Anticholinergic properties as antidepressants, antiarrhythmic drugs
  • Opiates.
  • Certain antacids.
  • Calcium channel blockers.
  • Laxatives.
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10
Q

Causes of Laxative
“addiction” constipation

A

Defecation occurs only with use of a laxative.

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11
Q

Manifestations of Laxative
“addiction” constipation

A

Habituation

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12
Q

Causes of Proctogenic constipation (dyschezia)

A
  • A suppression of normal defecatory rectal stimulus by voluntarily contracting external anal sphincter, Because of inconvenience or painful anal disease (as thrombosed hemorrhoid or anal fissure).
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13
Q

Manifesations of Symptomatic constipation

A
  • Appears as an additional symptom in many diseases which are not directly related to digestive system.
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14
Q

Examples of Symptomatic constipation

A
  • Hypothyroidism.
  • Depression.
  • Biliary & renal colic.
  • Spinal cord diseases.
  • Multiple sclerosis.
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15
Q

Causes of Atonic constipation

A

impaired innervations of Auerbach plexus.

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15
Q

Causes of Inactivity constipation

A

Decreased in physical activity (as illness forcing bed rest).

16
Q

Finding & Possible Cause

Constipation

A
17
Q

Alarm Signs & Symptoms of Constipation

A
18
Q

Def of Fecal Impaction

A
19
Q

Causes of Fecal Impaction

A
  • Chronic constipation.
  • Megacolon.
  • Dolichocolon.
  • Psychiatric conditions.
  • Neurologic maladies.
  • Medications (as cholinergic, codeine & methadone).
  • Painful lesions of anal region (as hemorrhoids, anal fissure & prolapse).
20
Q

Clinical features of Fecal Impaction

A
  • Abdominal cramping & bloating.
  • Leakage of liquid or sudden episodes of watery diarrhea “in someone has chronic constipation”.
  • Rectal bleeding.
  • Small, semi-formed stools.
  • Straining when trying to pass stools.
  • Bladder pressure or loss of bladder control.
  • Lower back pain.
  • Rapid heartbeat or light-headedness from straining to pass stool.
  • Rectal exam will reveal a hard mass of stool in rectum.
21
Q

Managment of Fecal Impaction

A
22
Q

tools in Manual removal of fecal impaction

A
23
Q

Procedure of manual removal of fecal impaction

A
24
Q

Def of Enema

A

Procedure of introducing liquids into rectum & colon via anus.

25
Q

Indications of Enema

A
26
Q

CI of Enema

A
  • Bowel surgery “recent”
  • Colon ailments (Cancer, ulcers & diverticulitis)
  • Heart infarct “recent”
  • Arrhythmia “severe”
27
Q

MOA of Enema

A
28
Q

Types of Enema

A
29
Q

Equipment of Enema

A
30
Q

what are other used equipment while installing Enema?

A
  • Bath thermometer.
  • Disposable gloves.
  • Water-soluble lubricant.
  • Waterproof, absorbent pads.
  • Toilet paper.
  • Wash basin.
  • Washcloths, towels & soap.
  • Bedpan, commode or access to toilet.
31
Q

Complications of Enema

A
  • Tearing of rectal mucosa.
  • Perforation of rectum → Peritonitis.
  • Mucosa damage with inappropriate enema solution.
  • Circulation overload & electrolyte imbalance after too frequent use of enema.

Y3R4 - BMS 🏥 (18 decks)

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