L11: Medication Safety Flashcards
Def of Medication Safety
- Freedom from preventable harm with medication use.
- Freedom from accidental injury due to medical care or medical errors during the medication-use process.
No medicine is absolutely safe
…
Making sure that medicines are safe for their intended use is an on-going process that…
- Starts in:
- Continues:
- Closely monitored by:
- The developmental stage.
- long after medicine is in the market.
- manufactures & the Regulatory Agencies.
Def of AE (Adverse Event or Adverse Experience)
Any untoward medical occurrence.
Do AEs necessarily have a causal relationship with this treatment?
No
when do AE (Adverse Event or Adverse Experience) occur?
Occur during treatment with a pharmaceutical product.
what do AE (Adverse Event or Adverse Experience) include?
- Side Effect.
- Adverse Drug Reaction.
- Medication error.
Compare between Side effects & Adverse Drug Reactions in terms of:
- Def
- severity
- Drug Dose
- Casual Relationships
Characters of Serious Adverse Event (SAE)
An AE or ADR that is…
- Associated with Death & Life threatening.
- Results in hospitalization or prolongs existing hospitalization.
Characters of SUSAR (Serious - Unexpected - Suspected Adverse reaction)
- Serious.
- Not included in Product Core Safety Data Sheet.
Medication safety & taking precautionary steps are extremely important, why?
To prevent Adverse reactions - Overdoses - Death).
Drug Safety Measurment
Types of Errors
Types of Errors (Another Diagram)
Whether a patient is prescribed an opioid or a general antibiotic, They should follow general steps to ensure medication safety.
….
Def of Pharmacovigilance
Safety Measures of Drugs
what does Pharmacovigilance aim to?
Rationale for Continued pharmacovigilance
Def of Medication Errors
Any preventable event that may cause or lead to (Inappropriate medication use -Patient harm) while the medication is in the control of the health care professional, patient, or consumer.
Types of Medication Errors
- Prescribing.
- Omission “dispensing errors”.
- Wrong time.
- Unauthorized drug.
- Improper dose.
- Wrong dose prescription/wrong dose preparation.
- Administration errors including…
- The incorrect route of administration.
- Giving the drug to the wrong patient.
- Extra dose or wrong rate.
Steps
what are Prescribing Errors?
What are Dispensing Errors?
errors linked to the pharmacy.
What are the most common Dispensing Errors?
- Dispensing an incorrect medication.
- Dosage strength or form & miscalculating a dose.
- Failing to identify drug interactions or contraindications.
what are Drug adminstration Errors?
Is it ok to take medicine immediately after eating?
- There is no simple answer to this question.
- However, as a general rule you should take medicine on an empty stomach (one hour before eating or 2 hours after), Because many medicines can be affected by what you eat and when you eat it.
Taking medication after eating or with food usually means taking medication ……..
taking medication 30 minutes to one hour after a meal.
Examples for medications need to be taken after eating …….
- NSAIDs “Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs” (As ibuprofen, aspirin).
- Metformin for diabetes.
- Steroid medication.
what are Errors that occur in Hospitals?
Causes of Medication Errors
The most common causes of medication errors are:
- Poor communication: Between your doctors, Between you & your doctors.
- Drug names that sound alike & medications that look alike.
- Medical abbreviations.
Medical Errors Prevention
- strategies to reduce Prescribing errors
- Strategies to reduce dispensing errors
Strategies to reduce Prescribing errors
Strategies to reduce dispensing errors
- Standardized concentrations for IV medications.
- Use commercially prepared solutions.
- Dispense a unit of use.
Role of both patient & doctors in Decreasing Medication Errors
