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Y3R4 - BMS 🏥 > L6: Fluid Balance > Flashcards

L6: Fluid Balance Flashcards

1
Q

Introduction to fluid balance

A
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2
Q

Body fluid composition

A
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3
Q

“Being able to assess the hydration status of a patient is an important skill that you’ll regularly use in clinical practice”

The patient may be:

A
  • Hypovolemic (dehydrated).
  • Euvolemic.
  • Hypervolemic (Fluid overloaded). See poge
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3
Q

IV distribution to body fluid compartments

A
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4
Q

Def of Hypovolemia

A

Refers to an overall deficit of fluid in the body.

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4
Q

Causes of Hypovolemia

A
  • Poor intake.
  • Excessive loss: Vomiting - Diarrhea - Hemorrhage.
  • Third Space loss
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5
Q

what is Third space loss?

A
  • Fluid remains within the body.
  • But has shifted from the intravascular space to another compartment within the body.
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6
Q

Pure water loss

  • Lost through ….
  • Electrolyte concentration loss / L …..
A
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7
Q

Intestinal content loss

  • Lost through ….
  • Electrolyte concentration loss / L …..
A
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7
Q

Gastric fluid loss

  • Lost through ….
  • Electrolyte concentration loss / L …..
A
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8
Q

Urinary losses

  • Lost through ….
  • Electrolyte concentration loss / L …..
A
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9
Q

Vital signs in Hypovolemia

A
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9
Q

Physiological response to hypovolemia

A
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10
Q

Assessment Of Hypovolemia

A
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11
Q

Uses of Capillary Refill Time

A

useful way of assessing peripheral perfusion.

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12
Q

Steps of Capillary Refill Time

A
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13
Q

Results in Capillary Refill Time

A
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14
Q

Results in Skin Turgor

14
Q

Steps of Skin Turgor

15
Q

Inspection of hands color in Hypovolemia

16
Q

steps of Temperature assessment in hypovolemia

17
Q

Results in Temperature assessment in hypovolemia

18
Q

What are indications that the patient needs fluid resuscitation?

19
Q

TTT of hypovolemia in obese or thin patients

A

Adjust the IV fluid prescription to their ideal body weight.

19
TTT of Hypovolemia
IV fluid prescription
20
Dose in TTT of hypovolemia
20-25 ml/kg/day fluid
21
Why should we use lower range volumes per kg in TTT of hypovolemia?
As patients rarely need more than a total of 3 litres of fluid per day.
22
Cautions during TTT of hypovolrmia
- Large volume resuscitation promotes endothelial injury, fluid extravasation & tissue edema. - Increasing interstitial fluid & extravascular lung water are associated with progressive organ dysfunction & death.
23
Percent of water in human bodies
23
Def of **Hypervolemia**
- Refers to an excess of fluid in the body.
24
Causes of **Hypervolemia**
- Excessive fluid intake. - Inappropriate fluid retention.
25
Clinical features in **Hypervolemia**
26
Methods of assessment of hypervolemia
- JVP - CVP
26
Uses of **Jagular venous pressure**
Provides an indirect measure of central venous pressure (CVP).
27
where is **Jagular venous pressure** measured?
- Internal jugular vein (UV), As UV connects to the right atrium without any intervening valves, resulting in a continuous column of blood.
28
The external jugular vein (EJV) is better visualized, but less reliable why?
29
Method of measuring of **Jagular venous pressure**
Assessing the vertical distance between the sternal angle & the top of the pulsation point of the UV.
30
Results in measuring of **Jagular venous pressure**
healthy individuals ----> less than or equal 3 cm.
30
Definition of **Central Venous Pressure (MVP)**
- Pressure of blood in the thoracic vena cava, near the right atrium of the heart.
31
Uses of **Central Venous Pressure (MVP)**
- Reflects the amount of blood returning to the heart. - Reflects the ability of the heart to pump the blood into the arterial system. - Used as a surrogate for preload. - Predict volume responsiveness (le. whether more fluid will improve COP), By using changes in CVP in response to infusions of intravenous fluid.
32
Results of **Central Venous Pressure (MVP)**
Normal values: 5 - 10 cm H,O.
32
Steps of **Central Venous Pressure (MVP)**
33
Factors that increase **Central Venous Pressure (MVP)**

Y3R4 - BMS 🏥 (18 decks)

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