L6: Neurons & Glia

Question 1

Define dimers

Answer 1

2 molecules that interact with each other

Question 2

What are monomers of microtubules?

Answer 2

alpha & beta tubulin dimers

Question 3

Structure of neurofilaments

Answer 3

Coiled-coil fibre

Question 4

Monomers of microfilaments

Answer 4

Actin dimers

Question 5

3 features of the neuronal cytoskeleton

Answer 5

1. Microtubule
2. Neurofilament
3. Microfilament

Question 6

2 axonal transport

Answer 6

Anterograde transport
Retrograde transport

Question 7

Which type of axonal transport acts toward the cell body?

Answer 7

Retrograde transport

Question 8

Which type of axonal transport moves towards the synapse?

Answer 8

Anterograde transport

Question 9

What is the motor for retrograde axonal transport?

Answer 9

Dynein

Question 10

What is the motor for anterograde axonal transport?

Answer 10

Kinesin

Question 11

What specialised cells myelinate axons?

Answer 11

Specialised glial cells

Question 12

3 connective sheaths of peripheral nerves

Answer 12

1. Epineurium
2. Perineurium
3. Endoneurium

Question 13

What is the endoneurium?

Answer 13

Connective tissue layer surrounding axon & associated Schwann cells

Question 14

What is the perineurium?

Answer 14

Connective tissue layer surrounding groups of axons forming fascicles

Question 15

What are fascicles?

Answer 15

Group of axons bundled

Question 16

What is the epineurium?

Answer 16

Outer layer; connective tissue surrounding a peripheral nerve

Question 17

What is nissl staining

Answer 17

Stains cell body, especially ER

Question 18

3 classes of neurons

Answer 18

1. Sensory/afferent (in) neurons
2. Motor/efferent (away) neurons
3. Interneurons

Question 19

Function of sensory/afferent neurons

Answer 19

Send signals towards the CNS

Question 20

Function of motor/efferent neurons

Answer 20

Sends signals away from the CNS, into the periphery

Question 21

Function of interneurons

Answer 21

Act locally, within the CNS

Question 22

4 Classes of neurons based on structural classification

Answer 22

1. Multipolar
2. Bipolar
3. Pseudo-unipolar
4. Unipolar

Question 23

What is a multipolar neurone?

Answer 23

Possesses a single axon & many dendrites

Question 24

What is a unipolar neuron?

Answer 24

A neurite extends from the middle of the cell body

Question 25

What is a pseudo-unipolar neurone?

Answer 25

No dendrites

Question 26

What is a bipolar neurone?

Answer 26

Has 1 dendrite & 1 axon, with a cell body between these two structure

Question 27

3 types of synapses

Answer 27

1. Axo-dendritic
2. Axo-somatic
3. Axo-axonic

Question 28

What is a axodendritic synapse?

Answer 28

Connection forming between the axon of 1 neuron & the dendrite of another

Question 29

What is a axo-somatic neurone?

Answer 29

Direct connection between the axon of 1 neuron to the cell body of another neurone

Question 30

What is a axo-axonic synapse?

Answer 30

1 neurone projecting its axon terminals onto another neuron’s axon

Question 31

4 types of neuroglia in the CNS

Answer 31

1. Microglia
2. Astrocytes
3. Oligodendrocytes
4. Ependymal Cells

Question 32

2 types of neuroglia in the PNS

Answer 32

1. Satellite Cells
2. Schwann Cells

Question 33

What are fibrous astrocytes?

Answer 33

White matter, support axons

Question 34

What are protoplasmic astrocytes?

Answer 34

Grey matter, homeostatic

Question 35

Role of astrocytes

Answer 35

Buffering K+ ions, prevent K+ ion build up

Question 36

Role of oligodendrocytes

Answer 36

Produce myelin, inhibit axon regeneration in the CNS

Question 37

Role of microglia

Answer 37

Immune defence, become phagocytotic when activated

Question 38

Role of ependymal cells

Answer 38

Control production & flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 39

Role of schwann cells

Answer 39

Myelination of PNS axons

Question 40

Role of satellite cells

Answer 40

Structural & metabolic support