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Cell Biology & Neuroscience > L4: Cytoskeleton > Flashcards

L4: Cytoskeleton Flashcards

Learning Objectives: - the terms microtubule, microfilament, intermediate filament - the structure and polymerisation of actin and the function of myosin - the properties of tubulin and microtubules - how tubulin polymerises and discuss factors that affect tubulin polymerisation - the role of the cytoskeleton in maintaining cell structure and shape, and in cell motility the role of motor proteins (kinesin and dynein) in organelle transport and the ATP‐dependence of their action

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1
Q

How is actin organised?

A

Bundles/meshed networks

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2
Q

3 features in the actin cytoskeleton

A

1) Stress fibres
2) Lamellipodium
3) Filopodia

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3
Q

What are stress fibres?

A

Contractile actin-myosin bundles in the cytoplasm

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4
Q

What is lamellipodium?

A

Thin, sheet-like extension containing meshwork of actin filaments

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5
Q

What is filopodia?

A

Finger-like protrusions that contain bundles of actin. filaments

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6
Q

What are microtubules?

A

Narrow, hollow tube-like structure found in cytoplasm

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7
Q

Function of microtubules

A

Support the shape of the cell

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8
Q

What are microfilaments?

A

Protein filaments in the cytoplasm that form part of the cytoskeleton

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9
Q

Function of microfilaments

A

Cell membrane motility

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10
Q

Structure of intermediate filaments?

A

Small strands in the shape of rods

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11
Q

Function of intermediate filaments

A

Mechanical strength to cells & tissues

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12
Q

Monomer of intermediate filaments

A

Monomer peptides

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13
Q

Monomer of microtubules

A

Dimers of alpha & beta - tubulin

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14
Q

Monomer of actin filaments

A

G-actin

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15
Q

Structure of actin filaments

A

2 strands in double helix

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16
Q

Associated motor proteins of microtubules

A

Kinesis & Dynein

17
Q

Associated motor proteins of actin filaments

A

Myosin motors

18
Q

What are the 2 ends on actin filaments?

A

Barbed & Pointed

19
Q

What are the +/- ends of the actin filaments?

A

(-) end: Pointed
(+) end: Barbed

20
Q

What is actin treadmilling?

A

Individual actin molecules migrate from barbed to pointed end

21
Q

Function of myosin

A

Converts chemical energy in the form of ATP to mechanical energy

22
Q

2 main groups of intermediate filaments

A

1) Cytoplasmic
2) Nuclear

23
Q

3 sub-groups of cytoplasmic intermediate filaments

A

1) Keratins
2) Vimentin
3) Neurofilaments

24
Q

Sub-group of nuclear intermediate filaments

A

Nuclear lamins

25
Q

Role of tubulin

A

Regulates microtubule-associated proteins & kinesin motors

26
Q

What does microtubules do during cell division?

A

Pulls daughter chromosomes into daughter cells

27
Q

What are protofilaments?

A

Long strands of dimers attached together

28
Q

How is microtubule stability regulated?

A

Large number of microtubule-associated proteins

29
Q

Name 2 motor proteins

A

1) Kinesin
2) Dynein

30
Q

Which direction (-) or (+) does kinesin move from?

A

minus (-) to plus (+) end

31
Q

Which direction (-) or (+) does dynein move from?

A

plus (+) to minus (-) end

32
Q

What is myosin?

A

A motor protein which interacts with actin

33
Q

What are the 2 types of mysoin?

A

1) Myosin-I
2) Myosin-II

34
Q

Role of Myosin I

A

Transportation of vescicles/organelles

35
Q

Role of Myosin II

A

In muscle fibres, generated contractile force

Cell Biology & Neuroscience (11 decks)

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