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Cell Biology & Neuroscience > L10: Organisations of the Nervous System > Flashcards

L10: Organisations of the Nervous System Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

2 nervous systems

A

1) Central Nervous System (CNS)
2) Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

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2
Q

What does CNS contain?

A

1) Brain
2) Spinal Cord

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3
Q

What does PNS contain?

A

1) Motor Neuron
2) Sensory Neuron

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4
Q

What 2 systems can motor neurons be a part of ?

A

1) Somatic Nervous System
2) Autonomic Nervous System

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5
Q

Role of sensory neurones

A

Take information from sensory organs to CNS

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6
Q

Role of motor neurons

A

Take information from CNS to muscle/glands

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7
Q

Role of spinal cord

A

Conducts signals to & from the brain

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8
Q

Role of somatic nervous system

A

Controls voluntary movements

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9
Q

Role of autonomic nervous system

A

Controls involuntary responses

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10
Q

2 division in the autonomic nervous system

A

1) Sympathetic
2) Parasympathetic

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11
Q

What is the sympathetic division?

A

“fight or flight”

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12
Q

What is the parasympathetic division?

A

“rest or digest”

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13
Q

What is peripheral nervous system made up of?

A

Somatic + Visceral

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14
Q

What does the somatic nervous system contain?

A

1) Motor Fibres
2) Sensory Fibres

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15
Q

What are motor fibres also called?

A

General somatic efferents (GSEs)

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16
Q

What are sensory fibres also called?

A

General somatic afferents (GSAs)

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17
Q

What is a CNS neuron?

A

Neuron that is entirely contained within the brain or spinal cord

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18
Q

What is a PNS neuron

A

Any part of a neurone that projects outside of the CNS

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19
Q

What does the coronal plane show of the brain?

A

Back of head

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20
Q

What does the horizontal plane show of the brain?

A

Cross section

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21
Q

What does the sagittal plane of the brain show?

A

Side profile

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22
Q

What is white matter?

A

Mostly axons (forming fibres)

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23
Q

What is grey matter?

A

Cell bodies

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23
Q

What does grey matter contain?

A

Nuclei

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23
Q

Name the grooves on the cerebrum

A

Sulci (sulcus)

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24
Q

What does white matter contain?

A

Myelinated axons

24
Q

Name the bumps/ridges on the cerebrum

A

Gyri (gyrus)

25
Q

Name the deep grooves on the cerebrum

A

Fissures

26
Q

4 main subdivisions of the brain

A

1) Forebrain
2) Midbrain
3) Hindbrain
4) Spinal cord

27
Q

What is the hindbrain made up of ?

A

1) Pons
2) Cerebellum
3) Medulla

28
Q

What makes up the forebrain?

A

Cerebrum, thalamus and hypothalamus

29
Q

Name given to
midbrain + pons + medulla oblongata together?

A

Brain stem

30
Q

4 lobes in the cerebrum

A

1) Frontal Lobe
2) Parietal Lobe
3) Occipital Lobe
4) Temporal Lobe

31
Q

Function of the frontal lobe

A

Thinking

32
Q

Function of the parietal lobe

A

Sensory processing, spelling

33
Q

Function of the occipital lobe

A

Vision

34
Q

Function of the temporal lobe

A

Memory, language

35
Q

When does the 1st spinal nerve emerges?

A

Between the skull & vertebrae C1

36
Q

When does C8 emerges ?

A

Between vertebrae C7 & T1

37
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves in the spinal cord?

A

31 pairs

38
Q

What does it mean when spinal nerves are ‘mixed’ ?

A

Contains motor & sensory fibres

39
Q

Where is the cell body of the sensory neurone found?

A

Dorsal root ganglion

40
Q

Where is the cell body of the motor neuron found?

A

Ventral horn

41
Q

What are nerve rootlets?

A

Come together to form individual nerves in the spinal cord

42
Q

What is the scientific term for when spinal nerves hang down the spinal cord?

A

Cauda Equina

43
Q

What are the empty spaces in the brain filled with?

A

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

44
Q

What is the brain full of ?

A

Neurons + Glia

45
Q

How many ventricles in the brain?

A

4

46
Q

What are the different ventricles in the brain?

A

1) 2 lateral ventricles
2) 1/3rd ventricle
3) 1/4th ventricle

47
Q

Role of the choroid plexus

A

Line all the ventricles in the brain

48
Q

What cells make up the choroid plexus?

A

Ependymal Cells

49
Q

Are ependymal cells neurons or glial cells?

A

Glial Cells

50
Q

What is the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) made by ?

A

Choroid Plexus Epithelium

51
Q

What does it mean if the choroid plexus epithelium is highly vascularised ?

A

Develops blood vessels

52
Q

4 functions of CSF

A

1) Buoyancy
2) Protection
3) Removal of waste products
4) Growth & signalling factors

53
Q

3 layers of meninges in the CNS

A

1) Innermost pia mater
2) Intermediate arachnoid mater
3) Outermost dura mater

54
Q

What does the CSF leave the ventricular system through?

A

Apertures (foramina)

55
Q

3 functions of the pia mater

A

1) Protects the CNS
2) Allows entry of blood vessels into the CNS
3) Impermeable layer to contain CSF

56
Q

Why is arachnoid mater called this?

A

Like ‘spider web’ around the brain

57
Q

3 functions of the arachnoid mater

A

1) Protects the CNS
2) Cob-web like membrane to form sub-arachnoid space
3) Closely associated to the dura mater

58
Q

Where is the CSF found?

A

Sub-arachnoid space

59
Q

Where is the sub-arachnoid space?

A

Between pia mater & arachnoid mater

60
Q

Where does the CSF end up after it is drained out through the arachnoid granulation?

A

Superior sagittal sinus

61
Q
A

Cell Biology & Neuroscience (17 decks)

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