L6 - Autoimmunity Cause

Question 1

Which two types or cells leaving bone marrow have auto potential

Answer 1

Anergic and clonally ignored b cells

Question 2

Five some immune tolerance strategies

Answer 2

Privileged sites 
Central tolerance/negative selection
Apoptosis 
T regs
Anergy eg low b7 levels

Question 3

What are natural autoab seen in both patients and healthy

Answer 3

Naturally auto igm which have low affinitt but are TI

Question 4

What do anergic auto b cells need

Answer 4

Auto t cell help in order to upregulate and release ab

Question 5

Graves is an example of high affinity igg. So are auto t cells needed?

Answer 5

Yes to shm and class switch

Question 6

How do polygenic genetics factor in

Answer 6

Polymorphisms in alleles of grnes to do with immune system eg hla couldn make someone more susceptible

Question 7

Wht does relative risk mean

Answer 7

How mant time more likely to develop it eg if you have hla b27 allele polymorphism

Question 8

How do auto ag have effect in genetics

Answer 8

Levels of expresion can make more susceptible

Question 9

What are the major genes involved

Answer 9

Immune tolerance deficiencies

Question 10

What 4 genes important in t1d

Answer 10

Hla alleles dq 2 and 8

Ptpn22

Ctla4

Insulin

Question 11

How does insulin gene have effect

Answer 11

Polymorphisms in the gene promoter can affect levels of mrna for insulin within the thumus ifnkt present more liekly auto reactive

Question 12

How does ctla4 affect

Answer 12

Usually blcoks b7 so stops t crll activstion. If polymorpgic may not bind as well

Question 13

What is ptpn22

Answer 13

Phosphatase which stops cd3 signalling in t cells

Question 14

What are the biggest single gene defects in aids

Answer 14

Aire tf
Fas
Ctla4
Fox p3

Question 15

How does fas gene defects have impact

Answer 15

Could increase the efficeicy of killing by cd8 eg in type 1 diabetics

Question 16

How is smokint a risk in ra

Answer 16

Citrullinates peptides which can be recognsied by acpa

Question 17

Which low viramin level causes me

Answer 17

D

Question 18

What is cross reactivity

Answer 18

The fsct some self ag look like pathogen proteins pesented on apc. The self ag can be detected by tcr as foreign causing an autoimmune response.

Question 19

Give rxamples of cross reactivity

Answer 19

Rheumatic fever where instead of strep m protein attach, auto ab attach hesrt tissue proteins

In uc instwad of artacking ecoli proteins attach cllonic proteins

Question 20

How do self components as prr cause aids

Answer 20

Increased b7 upreg and inflammatort cytokines xauses increase auto t cell activation

Question 21

Give examples of self ag presenting as pamps or damps

Answer 21

Dna in sle

Ecm frwgments in ra

Question 22

How can damage to barriers cause aid

Answer 22

Because can affect privileged site ag eg in ms or ra

Question 23

How can ptms cause aid

Answer 23

No longer detected as self ag in begative selection process eg in ra citrullination

Question 24

Which disease were commensals found ti pritect males in particular

Answer 24

T1D

Question 25

Why is cd20 b cell deletion important therapy

Answer 25

They are auto b fells which present to auto t cells. Causes issues like t1d , ra and ms

Question 26

What is tolerance induction

Answer 26

Adding incerse agonist peptides/ modified peptides which bind and blooc auto t cells