L11- Mucosa 1

Question 1

Bame some glands wbich are mucosal surfsces and effector sites

Answer 1

Lacrimal, salivary and mammary glands

Question 2

What are the rxamples of hoe mucosa fscilitate exchange

Answer 2

Food processing, gas exchnage, teporhdction and metabolic waste

Question 3

Which mucosa is the largest

Answer 3

Resp tract (75m2)

Question 4

Why are ststemic vaccines used also for mucosal issues

Answer 4

When pathogens cross barriers cause for systemic immunity

Question 5

Name some mucosal infrctions related to hugh morbidity and mortality

Answer 5

Copd, hiv, lower resp trsct infdctions eg infleunza, pneumonia

Question 6

What mechanical mucosal defences are there

Answer 6

Tight junctions, mucus

Question 7

Which ros can microbiota release and why is this anti microbial?

Answer 7

H202, it means they xan be detected by prr inducing , and also oxidative dna damage

Question 8

Which secretion eg by lactobacillus is antiviral

Answer 8

Lactic acid

Question 9

Other than defensins. What protects the gut

Answer 9

Low ph wnd enzymes like pepsin

Question 10

Where are b defensins most seen

Answer 10

Eye, nose and oral cavity

Question 11

How does sneezing and cooghing eiminate pathogens

Answer 11

Muscle contraction increases mucosal movemnet cross cillia

Question 12

Which mudcle contraction allows mucosal movement in gut

Answer 12

Peristalsis

Question 13

Where are stratified epithelium found

Answer 13

Vaginal and oral cavity

Question 14

What allows polarisation for solutr, ion and gas transport in simple columnar cells

Answer 14

Tight junctions

Question 15

Whcih prr are on epi cells and what haplens

Answer 15

Nod and tlr (crll surfscr) so they modulate release of more mucins, amps etc

Question 16

What do tlr and nod activate for cytokine rleease

Answer 16

Nfkb

Question 17

What can trigger inflammasome

Answer 17

Intraceullar infections

Question 18

What does inflammasome do

Answer 18

Caspases1 allow secretion of cytokines and also activstion of dc and macrophages

Question 19

What is xenophagy

Answer 19

When bacteria/fungi/ ciruses in cytoplasm are taken up into autophagosome and killed by lysosome fusion eg in macrophages

Question 20

How can nlrp3 recognise virus infected cells

Answer 20

Relesde of damps

Question 21

Whatbis diff about effector cells like t cells/ macrophages in mucosa

Answer 21

Always active

Question 22

Which 2 ways are mucosa immunotegulatory

Answer 22

Down reg responses to eg food. Eg by reducing ige

Always have tolerance ineucing dc and inhibitory macrophages

Question 23

What is the ting called around aireays and gut in nalt

Answer 23

Waldeyers ring (adenoids and tonsils)

Question 24

What makes ip galt

Answer 24

Pp and lymph nodules

Question 25

How do t cells from primary lymphids get to pp

Answer 25

Ccr7 and L selectin receptors

Question 26

Where do they drain after ag sampling

Answer 26

Mesentric lymph nodes

Question 27

What allows homing to SI

Answer 27

Ccr9 and teck/ccl25.

Bind a4:b7 with madcam1 on endothelium

Question 28

What does ccl28/ mec allow homing yo via ccr10

Answer 28

LI, bronchi, mammary glands

Question 29

Which b frlls mostly repopulate mucosa

Answer 29

Iga releasing

Question 30

How is breastfeeding example of homing

Answer 30

Ag from gi trsct produces b cells which home to the mammary gland via mec etc and then allows ab transfer in breastmilk

Question 31

What % of iec are cd8 for ic pathogens and viruses

Answer 31

80

Question 32

Which disease has infreased iec

Answer 32

Celiac

Question 33

What % of b cells are mucosal

Answer 33

70, only 30 are systemic

Question 34

How much dimeric iga is produced

Answer 34

80% of mucosa b cells. Other sre polymetic igm, some igg

Question 35

Which ig is from systemic mostly and then the second modt

Answer 35

Igg then monomeric iga (non secretory)

Question 36

Which ig is transfered cia placenta fcrn

Answer 36

Igg

Question 37

What gets transferred in breast milk for antifungal impsct

Answer 37

S iga

Question 38

Where does 50% of igg in resp akd urogenital come from

Answer 38

Systemic (importance of both mucosal and systemic/iv vaccines)