L13- Mucosal Flashcards
Which ab does urogential tract get from systemic vaccine
M iga and igg
Which types pf cells wrent present in urogenital for af sampling (no malt)
M cells
Why is tolerance important in ugt
Anti sperm cause 12% of intertility, anti embryo is bad too
How are weak ig reapomses gotten to ugt
Local reaponses or immunisation
How is igg from local infection/corculation and vaccines grt to ugt cervic
Transudation or exidation if lesions present
What zone does transudatjkn occur
Transformation zone (weak cergical epithelium)
Would there be a humpural reaponse in gut if systemic caccine vs nasal
Mot systemic or nasal. Only in ugt and resp
Does ugt respons to local immunisatikn
Only weak if made. Vs gur which needs local immunisation
How can damage to vaginal tissues occur shich facilitates infection by creating lesions
Bacterial vaginosis, viruses, trichomonas, candida, tissue damage in menstruation
What does lactobacillus release toxic to viruses and microbes
H202, lactic acid (low ph),
Which ifn is v imporgant in viral response eg inducing mhc 1, therefore cd8 inducing
Ifn y (rleeased by macro, nk, cd8, cd4)
Other than cell mediated and innate, which other rhing is important
Antibody neutralisation of viruses
Name some stis at ugt
Bacterial wg neisseria, chamydia, t vaginalis
Hpv and hiv
Which stratified cell lauer does hpv infect blockign regeneration
Basal keratinocytes( on basal membrane)
Which strains cause 75% of cervical xancer
16 and 18
Which protein does igg vaccine blocks for hpv
L1
What does hpv requre for entry
Tissue damage to all stratified eg via other viruses/infections
What sort of replicstion snd jntegrstion of dna into cells xauses cancer
Episomal replication
Which igg msot improtjst
Igg
Which cells does hiv infect
Many diff immunology cells but most cd4 t cells
Which cells jnlike in hpv do not support hiv replication
Epithelial cels
Bow is hiv transmitted
80% ugt and some digestivr (if male to male)
How is it transferred vertically
Amniotic fluid, breastmilk
Which specialised dc in ugt transfer hiv infrcted fells scross batrier to infect other cells
Langerhans cells (only in ugt)
How does it become shstemic
If langerhans or dc in gi trsct drain in lymph node
Give all entry points in gi tract
Cell to cell transmission
Cross epi dc
M cells (not in ugt)
Damage/lesioned barrier
Give some factors increasing hiv transmission
High viral load (start and end)
Mucosal infections eg t vaginalis, bv
Inflammation/ulcerstion
Lower t cell count at wnd of aids
Which cirus has the fastest genetic evolution so can evade immunity
Hiv ss rna
Contrast epitopes of hpv and hiv
Hpv has l protein which profuces high igg titre
Hiv hides all epitopes cia env and gp
Why has vaccines not been produced for hiv
Hiv cant induce high titee of ab like hpv can
Hpw is ag of hpv introduced and how is it systemic igg
On a vlp specific in shape and size to enter LN
How does systemic igg eg from baccine get to lungs for protection
Casculsrisation at the alveoli and ttansudstion
Which 2 filutration mechwnisms are thete in lung
Muco coliary in trachea and nasal cilia
What types of innate cells in the lungs
Epi, dc, mast, neutrophils, mscrophages
Which 2 ab
Siga (top), igg (lower)
Which cell type produces surfsctant for gas exhcnage and pathogen celarance
Type II epi cells alveolar
What is type 1 for
Efficient exchnage because fused eith endothelium
Which surfactant proteins are opsonins for clearance of pathogens
Protein a and d (similar to compelemtn opsonins)
What other molecules are at lungs
Amps, lysozymes, lactoferrins, compelment
How does homing eg of b cells from nalt ge tto bronchi
Mec ccl28 and ccr10
What is needed for elimination of pathogens but compromises airway ventilstipn and bloor gas exchnage
Inflammation
Give an exmaplr of aorway viruses causing autoimmunity
Rhinovirus and asthma
Which articlr discusses secondsry infectikns eith infleunza virus
Mccullers 2014
Which thpes of bscteria increased due to influenza in spanish flu
Strep pneumoniae, staph aureus, h. Infleunzae
How did influenza allow stopping of removal of strep penumoinae by cilia
Cleaving of NA from sialic acid which is on host mucus. This allowed s pneumoniae acces to receptors and blocking of mucociliary function
How did the tepair after infleunza virus infection allow secondsry infection
Expsoure of collagen and laminin etc allowed ahesins from bacteria to adhere
In a notmal cytokine production, what are the major cytokines rleeaded eg by nscrophages
Il6, tnf a
What do these get counterscted by yo stop excess
Il 10, t regs, tgf b etc
How did il6 in particular cause issues in sars cov 2
Its involved in vascular coagulation = clotting and renal failure
Which article doscusses il6 and cosgulation and inflammation in sars
Zhang et al 2020
How can il6 via coagulation fause inflammation
Increase platelet and paf which is a vasodilator, allows mast degranulstion etc
