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Clinical Immunology And Virology > L13- Mucosal > Flashcards

L13- Mucosal Flashcards

1
Q

Which ab does urogential tract get from systemic vaccine

A

M iga and igg

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2
Q

Which types pf cells wrent present in urogenital for af sampling (no malt)

A

M cells

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3
Q

Why is tolerance important in ugt

A

Anti sperm cause 12% of intertility, anti embryo is bad too

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4
Q

How are weak ig reapomses gotten to ugt

A

Local reaponses or immunisation

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5
Q

How is igg from local infection/corculation and vaccines grt to ugt cervic

A

Transudation or exidation if lesions present

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6
Q

What zone does transudatjkn occur

A

Transformation zone (weak cergical epithelium)

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7
Q

Would there be a humpural reaponse in gut if systemic caccine vs nasal

A

Mot systemic or nasal. Only in ugt and resp

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8
Q

Does ugt respons to local immunisatikn

A

Only weak if made. Vs gur which needs local immunisation

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9
Q

How can damage to vaginal tissues occur shich facilitates infection by creating lesions

A

Bacterial vaginosis, viruses, trichomonas, candida, tissue damage in menstruation

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10
Q

What does lactobacillus release toxic to viruses and microbes

A

H202, lactic acid (low ph),

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11
Q

Which ifn is v imporgant in viral response eg inducing mhc 1, therefore cd8 inducing

A

Ifn y (rleeased by macro, nk, cd8, cd4)

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12
Q

Other than cell mediated and innate, which other rhing is important

A

Antibody neutralisation of viruses

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13
Q

Name some stis at ugt

A

Bacterial wg neisseria, chamydia, t vaginalis

Hpv and hiv

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14
Q

Which stratified cell lauer does hpv infect blockign regeneration

A

Basal keratinocytes( on basal membrane)

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15
Q

Which strains cause 75% of cervical xancer

A

16 and 18

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16
Q

Which protein does igg vaccine blocks for hpv

A

L1

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17
Q

What does hpv requre for entry

A

Tissue damage to all stratified eg via other viruses/infections

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18
Q

What sort of replicstion snd jntegrstion of dna into cells xauses cancer

A

Episomal replication

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19
Q

Which igg msot improtjst

A

Igg

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20
Q

Which cells does hiv infect

A

Many diff immunology cells but most cd4 t cells

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21
Q

Which cells jnlike in hpv do not support hiv replication

A

Epithelial cels

22
Q

Bow is hiv transmitted

A

80% ugt and some digestivr (if male to male)

23
Q

How is it transferred vertically

A

Amniotic fluid, breastmilk

24
Q

Which specialised dc in ugt transfer hiv infrcted fells scross batrier to infect other cells

A

Langerhans cells (only in ugt)

25
Q

How does it become shstemic

A

If langerhans or dc in gi trsct drain in lymph node

26
Q

Give all entry points in gi tract

A

Cell to cell transmission
Cross epi dc
M cells (not in ugt)
Damage/lesioned barrier

27
Q

Give some factors increasing hiv transmission

A

High viral load (start and end)
Mucosal infections eg t vaginalis, bv
Inflammation/ulcerstion
Lower t cell count at wnd of aids

28
Q

Which cirus has the fastest genetic evolution so can evade immunity

A

Hiv ss rna

29
Q

Contrast epitopes of hpv and hiv

A

Hpv has l protein which profuces high igg titre

Hiv hides all epitopes cia env and gp

30
Q

Why has vaccines not been produced for hiv

A

Hiv cant induce high titee of ab like hpv can

31
Q

Hpw is ag of hpv introduced and how is it systemic igg

A

On a vlp specific in shape and size to enter LN

32
Q

How does systemic igg eg from baccine get to lungs for protection

A

Casculsrisation at the alveoli and ttansudstion

33
Q

Which 2 filutration mechwnisms are thete in lung

A

Muco coliary in trachea and nasal cilia

34
Q

What types of innate cells in the lungs

A

Epi, dc, mast, neutrophils, mscrophages

35
Q

Which 2 ab

A

Siga (top), igg (lower)

36
Q

Which cell type produces surfsctant for gas exhcnage and pathogen celarance

A

Type II epi cells alveolar

37
Q

What is type 1 for

A

Efficient exchnage because fused eith endothelium

38
Q

Which surfactant proteins are opsonins for clearance of pathogens

A

Protein a and d (similar to compelemtn opsonins)

39
Q

What other molecules are at lungs

A

Amps, lysozymes, lactoferrins, compelment

40
Q

How does homing eg of b cells from nalt ge tto bronchi

A

Mec ccl28 and ccr10

41
Q

What is needed for elimination of pathogens but compromises airway ventilstipn and bloor gas exchnage

A

Inflammation

42
Q

Give an exmaplr of aorway viruses causing autoimmunity

A

Rhinovirus and asthma

43
Q

Which articlr discusses secondsry infectikns eith infleunza virus

A

Mccullers 2014

44
Q

Which thpes of bscteria increased due to influenza in spanish flu

A

Strep pneumoniae, staph aureus, h. Infleunzae

45
Q

How did influenza allow stopping of removal of strep penumoinae by cilia

A

Cleaving of NA from sialic acid which is on host mucus. This allowed s pneumoniae acces to receptors and blocking of mucociliary function

46
Q

How did the tepair after infleunza virus infection allow secondsry infection

A

Expsoure of collagen and laminin etc allowed ahesins from bacteria to adhere

47
Q

In a notmal cytokine production, what are the major cytokines rleeaded eg by nscrophages

A

Il6, tnf a

48
Q

What do these get counterscted by yo stop excess

A

Il 10, t regs, tgf b etc

49
Q

How did il6 in particular cause issues in sars cov 2

A

Its involved in vascular coagulation = clotting and renal failure

50
Q

Which article doscusses il6 and cosgulation and inflammation in sars

A

Zhang et al 2020

51
Q

How can il6 via coagulation fause inflammation

A

Increase platelet and paf which is a vasodilator, allows mast degranulstion etc

Clinical Immunology And Virology (9 decks)

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