L55 Gross mediastinum

Question 1

Retropharyngeal space
Between
Extends from ___ to _____

Answer 1

between buccopharyngeal and alar part of prevertebral layer

base of skull to superior mediastinum

Question 2

Superior mediastium level

Answer 2

above T4,5

Question 3

Arteries of superior mediastinum

Answer 3

Aorta
Brachiocephalic trunk
Common carotid
Left Subclavian

Question 4

Veins of superior mediastinum

Answer 4

SVC

Right and Left Brachiocephalic

Question 5

During a tracheotomoy, watch out for

Answer 5

Left brachiocephalic protruding above thoracic inlet

Question 6

aortic arch begins and ends at

Answer 6

T4-T5

Question 7

Aortic arch arches over

Answer 7

Left main bronchus

Pulmonary trunk

Question 8

Aortic arch gives rise to before descending

Answer 8

Brachiocephalic trunk
L common carotid
L subclavian

Question 9

Phrenic nerve
path
Relative to Root of lung

Answer 9

anterior to anterior scalene
Over subclavian
enters thorax btwn subclavian a and v
Anterior to root of lung

Question 10

Vagus
path
Relative to Root of lung

Answer 10

Left: between brachiocephalic vein, common carotid, and subclavian
Right: between brachiocephalic vein and trunk
Posterior to root of lung

Question 11

Vagus plexuses

Answer 11

Cardiac
Pulmonary
Esophogeal

Question 12

Phrenic pierced diaphragm at

Answer 12

Left: apex of heart 5th intercostal space at midclavicular
Right: level of IVC (T8)

Question 13

Bifurcation of trachea

Answer 13

Carina (inferior limit of superior medistinum)

Question 14

Foreign bodies usually aspirated into which broncus

Answer 14

Right

Question 15

Esophageal arteries arise from

Answer 15

thoracic artery
bronchial arteries
ascending left gastric artery

Question 16

Esophageal drainage

Answer 16

azygos
hemiazygos
Left gastric

Question 17

Esophageal lymphatics drain to

Answer 17

posterior mediastinum

Question 18

Esophageal hiatus
Type I
Type II

Answer 18

Type I: sliding hiatal: most common, asymphomatic

TypeII: paraesophageal: fundus, risks blood supply

Question 19

Posterior mediastinum extends from

Answer 19

T4,5 -T12

Question 20

Danger space

Answer 20

between Alar and prevertebral part of prevertebral layer

Question 21

Azygos drains

Answer 21

intercostal veins form R Thorax

Question 22

Hemiazygo and accessory azygos drain

Answer 22

L thorax and drain to Azygos

Question 23

Azygos vein arches over and drains into

Answer 23

Arches over R superior bronchus and drains into SVC

Question 24

Descending aorta branches to

Answer 24

Trachea
Bronchi
Esophagus
Posterior intercostal –>thorax

Question 25

Thoracic duct enters venous angle between

Answer 25

Left subcalvian and Left IJV

Question 26

Accumulation of lymph in pleural cavity

Answer 26

Chylothorax

Question 27

Greater
Lesser
Least Splanchnic

Answer 27

T5-9
T10-11
T12

Question 28

Thoracic autonomic originate from

Answer 28

T1-T5