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SP16 Anatomy Exam 3 > L42 Forebrain and Limbic > Flashcards

L42 Forebrain and Limbic Flashcards

1
Q

Thalamic nuclei divisions

A 
Anterior: Anterior nucleus
Medial: dorsomedial
Lateral: Dorsal and ventral tier (another card)
Intralainar
Reticular nucleus
Midline nucleus
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2
Q

Lateral division of thalamic nuclei

A 
Dorsal Tier:
lateral dorsal
lateral posterior
pulvinar
Ventral tier
ventral anterior
ventral lateral
ventral posterior lateral
ventral posterior medial
medial geniculate
lateral geniculate
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3
Q

All thalamic nuclei except reticular consist of

A

Projection neruons

Interneurons (inhibitory)

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4
Q

Categories of thalamic nuclei

A

Relay nuclei
Association nuclei
Intralaminar and midline nuclei

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5
Q

Relay nuclei
Receive
Project

A

Receive well define input from subcortical source (ie medial lemniscus)
Project to well defined area of cortex (ie somatosensory)

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6
Q

Association nuclei
Receive
Project

A

Receive specific inputs from association cortex (ie prefrontal)
Project back

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7
Q

Intralaminar and midline nuclei
Receive
Project

A

Receive specific inputs basal ganglia, limbic structures

Project to cortex, basal ganglia, limbic struc.

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8
Q

Reticular nucleus
Receive
Projections

A

Input from cortex and thalamus
Output: inhibitory axons to thalamus
NO Projections to cortex

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9
Q

Sensory relay nuclei

A

VPL

VPM

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10
Q

Motor relay nuclei

A

VA

VL

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11
Q

Limbi relay nuclei

A

Anterior

LD

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12
Q

DM
Input
Output

A

Input: prefrontal cortex, olfactory, limbic struct.
Output: prefrontal cotex

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13
Q

Pulvinar-LP complex
input
output

A

Parietal-occipital-temporal

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14
Q

Lenticular nucleus is composed of

A

putamen

globus pallidus

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15
Q

Internal capsule collects and forms ______ down which ____ ____ and _____ descend

A

Cerebral peduncle
Corticopontine
Corticobulbar
Corticospinal

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16
Q

Internal Capsule parts

A

Anterior Limb: lenticular nucleus, caudate
Posterior Limb: lenticular nucleus, thalamus
Genu: between A and P limbs
Retrolenticular
Sublenticular

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17
Q

Hypothalamus borders

A 
Superior: hypothalamic sulcus
Anterior: midbrain tegmentum
Medial: 3rd ventricle
Lateral: internal capsule
Inferior: optic chiasm, tuber cinereum, mammillary bodies
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18
Q

Medial-Lateral organization of Hypothalamus

A

Lateral: rostral reticular formation
Periventricular: rostral periaqueductal gray
Medial: nuclei

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19
Q

Hypothalamus functions

A

autonomic
endocrine
emotional, somatic
homeostasis

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20
Q

Hypothalamus main connections

A

limbic system
pituitary
visceral/somatic nuclei

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21
Q

Hypothalamic control of pituitary

A

Superior hypophyseal branch of internal carotid supply capillary bed in infundibulum, drain into anterior pituitary
Inferior hyphophyseal branch supplies posterior lobe

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22
Q

Anterior, Posterior lobe names

A

adenohypophysis

neurohypophysis

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23
Q

Capillaries drain into ______, delivering anterior and posterior hormones into circulation

A

Cavernous sinus

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24
Q

Pituitary secretions are controlled by these neuroendocrine cells

A

Parvocellular

Magnocellular

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25
Q

Parvocellular ends in

A

median eminence

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26
Q

Magnocellular ends in

A

posterior lobe

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27
Q

Parvocellular neurons give rise to ______ to _______

A

Parvocellular neurons give rise to tuberoinfundibular tract to infundivular capillary bed

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28
Q

ADH and Oxytocin are released by these nuclei

A

paraventricular
supraoptic
(Both in the neurohypophysis)

29
Q

Oxytocin release from Infant suckling is thru reflex in the ______ tract

A

Spinoreticular tract

30
Q

Parvocellular neurons carry all adenhypophis hormones except

A

Prolactin IH

31
Q

Loss of ADH causes

A

diabetes insipidus

32
Q

Anterior hypothalamus produces symp/para

A

parasympathetic effects

33
Q

Posterior hypothalamus produces symp/para

A

Sympathetic effects

34
Q

autonomic axons from hypothalamus project down in

A

dorsal longitudinal fasciculus

35
Q

Apestate is created by

A

interplay of lateral and ventromedial nuclei

36
Q

Anorexics vs bulimics

A

Anorexics have high serotonin

Bulimics have low serotonin

37
Q

Lateral nucleus vs Ventromedial

Feeding

A

Lateral: stimulate: eat, lesion: refuse
Ventromedial: stim: refuse, bilateral lesion: eat

38
Q

Male fight of flight
Hormones
Location
Brain activation

A

Corticotropin RH from paraventricular
ACTH from pituitary
Cortisol from adrenal
Lateral prefrontal cortex activation

39
Q

Female fight or flight
Hormones
Location
Brain activation

A

Oxytocin from neurophyophysis and estrogen counteract stress

Cingulate gyrus activation

40
Q

Hypothalamic sleep wake

nucleus

A

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

41
Q

Lesions in posterior hypothalamus cause

A

excessive sleep or coma

42
Q

Nucleus containing histaminergic neurons

A

Tuberomammillary nucleus

43
Q

Forebrain/limbic system input to hypothalamus

A

info for mediating autonomic/somatic aspects of emotional states

44
Q

Brainstem/spinal cord input to hypothalamus

A

visceral and sensory information

45
Q

limbic system consists mostly of

A

cingulate

parahippocampal gyri

46
Q

Amygdala function in limbic system

A

emotional responses

47
Q

Hippocampus function in limbic system

A

learning and memory

48
Q

Three parts of hippocampus

A

dentate gyrus
hippocampus proper
subiculum

49
Q

Input from septal nuclei

A

affects chances that information in hippocampus will be retained

50
Q

Main source to hippocampus

A

Entorhinal cortex

51
Q

Subiculum is the transition between

A

hippocampus proper and parahippocampal cortex

52
Q

Hippocampus Overview

8 steps

A 
Afferent fibers from sensory cortex
Entorhinal cortex to dentate gyrus (perforant)
Dentate neuron to CA3
CA3 neuron to fimbria and CA1
CA1 to Subiculum
Subiculum to fimbria (Alvear)
Subicular entorhinal
Entorhinal to sensory
53
Q

Largest efferent connection

A

Entorhinal to sensory

54
Q

Draw out papez circuit

A

Drawing

55
Q

Types of long memory

A

Explicit: facts or events, episodic
Semantic: spoken words, knowledge of facts
Implicit: performing learned function

56
Q

Henry Molaison

A

Bilateral hippocampi removal
No episodic memories
No semantic memories
Working memory intact

57
Q

Encode novel material involving language

A

Left anterior hippocampus

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

58
Q

Engage in spatial tasks like driving a car

A

Right hippocampus

Inferior parietal lobe

59
Q

Repeatingnovel material

A

Left anterior is active when novel

Posterior activity with repitition

60
Q

amygdala nuclear groups

A

Medial: olfaction
Central-hypothal, PAG: emotional response
Basolateral-cortex; central nuclei: emotional

61
Q

All sensory association areas have direct input to the

A

lateral nucleus

62
Q

Amygdala afferents

A

general sense of emotional and physical discomfort from orbital cortex and cingulate

63
Q

Amygdala fiber pathways

A

Stria terminalis

Ventral amygdalofugal

64
Q

Stria terminalis pathway

A

hypothalmus to septal nuclei

65
Q

Ventral amygdalofugal pathway

A

thalamus, hypothalamus, orbital, anterior cingulate cortex

66
Q

Fibers leave amygdala thru

A

stria terminalis and VAT

67
Q

Kluver Bucy Syndrome

A 
BIlateral temporal lobe injury involving amygdala and parahippocampal gyrus
Fearless, no emotion
Males: hypersexual, fuck everything
Eat everything
Pick up everything
68
Q

Nucleus accumbens/ventral striatum

Stimulation

A

Causes sense of well-being

SP16 Anatomy Exam 3 (16 decks)

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