L49 Cardio Histo Flashcards by Jason Tepper

Fibrous skeleton of heart has _ fibrous rings and _ fibrous trigones

4 rings

2 trigones

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Three layers of heart

Epicardium
Myocardium (thickest)
Endocardium

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Endocardium components

Endothelial layer
Subendothelial layer: CT and Smooth Muslce
Subendocardial layer: CT and conducting system

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Three layers of heart valves

Spongiosa
Fibrosa
Ventricularis

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Spongiosa
Function
Type of tissue
Composition
Location

Shock absorber
Loose CT covered in endothelium
Located in atrial or blood vessel side of valve
Collagen and elastic fibers w/ proteoglycans

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Fibrosa
Function
Contains

Core of valve

Contains fibrous extnensions from Dense irregular CT

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Ventricularis
Composition
Location

Dense CT w/ elastic fibers covered in endothelium

Adjacent to ventricular side of valve

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Types of cardiac conducting cells

Nodal cardiac cells

Purkinje fibers

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Excitation sequence

SA node-->internodal pathway--->
AV node (delayed .1 seconds)
Bundle of His
Right and left bundle branches
Purkinje fibers

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Nodal cardiac muscles compared to surround atrial contractile cardiac cells

Smaller
fewer myofibrils
lack intercalated discs

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Purkinje fibers compared to surround ventricular contractile cardiac cells

Larger
myofibrils at periphery
Larger round nuclei

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Purkinje fiber staining
What kind
Why does it stain

PAS staining b/c large amount of glycogen

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Layers of blood vessels

Tunica interna
Tunica Media
Tunica Externa

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Tunica interna parts

Endothelium
basal lamina
subendothelial layer

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Tunica media function

rings of smooth muscle for constriction and dilation

Thickest in arteries

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Tunica externa/adventitia

Contains

Contains vasa vasorum and nervi vascularis in larger vessels

Thickest layer in veins

tunica externa

Thickest layer in arteries

Tunica media

Types of arteries

Elastic/conducting
Muscular/distributing
Small
Arterioles

Elastic arteries
Diameter
Function

greater than 10mm
Elastic fibers propel blood while ventricles are relaxed
Pressure reserve

Muscular/distributing arteries
Diameter
Composition
Function

2mm-10mm
Smooth muscle cells
Circularly oriented SM cells are responsible for constriction and dilation

Small arteries
diameter
Layers of smooth muscle in tunica media

.1mm-2mm

3-8 layers

Arterioles
diameter
Layers of smooth muscle in tunica media

.01mm-.1mm (10um-100um)

1-2 layers

Tunica intima

Elastic vs distributing

Elastic: inconspicuous internal elastic membrane
Distributing: Thinner, prominent internal elastic membrane

Tunica media | Elastic vs distributing

Elastic: SmoothM separated by elastic lamellae Distribtuing: Smooth M separated by limited elastic lamellae. Prominent external elastic membrane

Tunica adventitia | Elastic vs distributing

Elastic: thin Distributing: Thick

Small arteries Tunica intima Tunica Media Tunica adventitia

TI: internal elastic membrane TM: 3-8 layers smooth muscle TA: thin, ill defined

Arterioles Tunica intima Tunica Media Tunica adventitia

TI: may or may not have internal elastic membrane TM: 1-2 layers smooth muscle TA: think ill defined

Capillary diameter

.004-.01 mm (4um-10um)

Types of capillaries

Continuous Fenestrated Discontinuous (sinusoids)

Continuos capillaries Found in Junctions Unique

Found in muscle, lung, CNS Tight junctions Pinocytotic vessels, pericytes

Fenestrated capillaries Found in Unique Size of pores

Found in endocrine glands at fluid absorption site Pinocytotic vessels 80nm-100nm diameter

Discontinuous capillaries found in Unique

liver, spleen, bone marrow | Larger diameter and more irregular than other caps

Microcirculatory/microvascular ved

arteriole capilary network postcapillary venule

Post capillary venule vs muscular venule Tunica media Tunica adventitia Pericytes

``` Postcap: Endothelial cell w/ basal lamina, pericytes -No tunica media -No adventitia Muscular: -No pericytes -Tunica media w/ 1-2 layers smoothmuscle -Thin tunica adventitia ```

``` Vein sizes Venule Small Medium Large ```

10um-100um .1mm-1mm 1mm-10mm larger than 10mm

Tunica media | Medium veins vs large

Medium: several layers smooth M, collagen, elastic fibers Large: thin smooth M

Tunica adventitia | Medium veins vs large

Medium: Thickest, collage and elastic fibers Large: Thickest, collage, elastic, smooth muscle

Valves are folds in which layer?

tunic intima