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SP16 Anatomy Exam 3 > L46 Cerebral Cortex > Flashcards

L46 Cerebral Cortex Flashcards

1
Q

Paleocortex
Layers
Part of brain
function

A

3 layers
Uncus
Olfaction

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2
Q

Archicortex
Layers
part of brain

A

3 layers

most of hippocampus

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3
Q

Apical dendrites
How many per cell
How do they extend

A

one per cell

extend to top layer of cortex

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4
Q

Basal dendrites
How many per cell
How to they extend

A

Several per cell

Extend horizontally in respective layer

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5
Q

Most prevalent type of neuron

A

pyramidal cell

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6
Q

Preferential site of excitatory synapses

A

Dendritic spines

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7
Q

Poor spine development is associated with

A

intellecutal disability: autism, etc

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8
Q

Axons of nonpyramidal cells
Length
Extent

A

Short axons that remain in cortex

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9
Q

Most non pyramidal cells make ____ synapses

A

Inhibitory(GABA) synapses

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10
Q

Non pyramidal cell role in cortex

A

principal interneurons

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11
Q

Spiny stellate cells
Excitatory or inhibitory
Communicate with ____ cellls

A

Excitatory

Glutaminergic synapses with pyramidal cells

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12
Q

Spiny stellate cells receive most afferent input from

A

Thalamus

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13
Q

Smooth stellate cells
Excitatory or inhibitory
Communication with pyramidal cells

A

Inhibitory
Receive recurrent collateral branches from pyramidal cells
Silence weakly active cell columns in cortex

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14
Q

Bipolar cells
Location
Contain

A

Outer layers

Contain peptides co-released with GABA

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15
Q

Cortex organization

A 
Molecular
Outer granular
Outer pyramidal
Inner granular
Inner pyramidal
Fusiform
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16
Q

Afferents to cortex

A 
Association fibers
Commissural fibers
Thalamocortical fibers
Non-specific thalamocortical fibers
Cholinergic, aminergic
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17
Q

Afferent Association fibers
Cells
Location and Laterality

A

small and medium pyramidal cells

Ipsilateral cortex

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18
Q

Afferent Commissural fibers
Cells
Location and laterality

A

Medium pyramidal cells

Via corpus callosum or anterior commissure from contralateral cortex

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19
Q

Afferent Thalamocortical fibers

From

A

From relay or association nuclei

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20
Q

Afferent Non specific thalamocortical fibers

from

A

intralminar nuclei

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21
Q

AfferentCholinergic and aminergic

from

A

basal forebrain
hypothalamus
brainstem

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22
Q

Efferents from cortex
cells
type

A

Excitatory pyramidal cell axons

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23
Q

Efferent comissural fibers
From
Laterallity
Thru

A

From contralateral cerebrum

via corpus calllosum and anterior commissure

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24
Q

Largest input to basal ganglia

A

fibers from primary sensory and motor cortex

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25
Q

Pyramidal cells in primary sensory
Project to
How many?

A

Project to nearby cortex, no need for long axons,

Few pyramidal cells

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26
Q

Types of cortical regions

A

Primary motor
Primary sensory
Association
Limbic

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27
Q

Primary somatosensory cortex

A

Post central gyrus

28
Q

Language comprehension lobe

A

Inferior parietal lobe (usually left)

29
Q

Rest of parietal lobe

A

Complex spatial orientation and directing attention

30
Q

Bilateral injury to inferior occipital lobe

A

color blindness

31
Q

Bilateral injury to occipital-temporal junction

A

motion blindness

32
Q

Line of Gennari
What is it
Location

A

Thin strip of myelin

Primary visual cortex (striate cortex

33
Q

LGN structure

A

1,4,6 contralateral eye

2,3,5 ipsilateral eye

34
Q

Parvocellular layers

A

3-6

35
Q

Magnocellular layers

A

1-2

36
Q

Macular is represented _______

Peripheral field is _______

A

Posteriorly

Anteriorly

37
Q

Primary visual cortex other name

A

Striate cortex

38
Q

Striate cortex arrangement

A

repeated modular collection of neurons in columns

All neurons in one column are for specific modality

39
Q

Ventral Stream
Layers
Purpose

A

Parvocellulular layers

Color, form

40
Q

Dorsal stream
Layers
Purpose

A

Magnocellular layers

Location, movement

41
Q

Temporal lobe functions

A

Primary auditory cortex
Auditory association cortex
Wernicke’s area: language comprension
Higher order visual processing

42
Q

Primary auditory cortex

A

Superior surface of superior temporal gyrus

43
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

language comprehension

Posterior aspect of one hemisphere (usually left)

44
Q

Gustatory cortex

A 
Frontal lobe (operculum
Insula
45
Q

Vestibular cortex

A

Superior temoral gyrus

Posterior insula

46
Q

Primary olfaction cortex

Corticality

A

paleocortical not neocortical

47
Q

Olfactory cortex consists of

A 
piriform cortex (near lateral olfactory tract)
Periamygdaloid cortex (covers amygdala)
parahippocampal gyrus
48
Q

Broca’s area
Location
Purpose

A

inferior frontal gyrus of one hemisphere (usually left)

Production of spoken and written language

49
Q

Prefrontal cortex

purpose

A

executive function (personality, foresight, insight)

50
Q

Association area function

A

higher mental function

language, art, music, etc

51
Q

Unimodal association cortex
function
location

A

Adjacent to primary area

elaborates on business of primary area

52
Q

Multimodal association cortex
function
location

A

high level intellectual functions
Inferior parietal lobule
much of fronta and temporal lobes

53
Q

Left vs right lateral sulcus

A

Left extends further posteriorly

54
Q

Planum temporale

what is it

A

part of superior tmeporal gyrus posterior to primary auditory cortex

55
Q

aphasia

A

inability to use language

56
Q

Broca’s aphasia

A

Nonfluent

knows what to say but cant say much

57
Q

wernickes aphasia

A

fluent

Dont know what theyre saying but say a lot

58
Q

Language in right hemisphere

A

more than just selecting words

changes the tone

59
Q

Multimodal area

Function

A

monitor relationships of body with outside words

60
Q

Right parietal lobe damage

A

may ignore left half of body

61
Q

Left parietal lobe damage

A

important for taking sensory info needed to plan movement

Patients unable to perform actions

62
Q

Prefrontal cortex Dorsolateral

Role

A

Working memory, solving problems, attention

63
Q

Prefrontal cortex Ventromedial

Damage

A

Makes people impulsive

unable to suppress inappropriate responses

64
Q

Anterior commissure connects

A

temporal lobes

anterior olfactory nuclei

65
Q

Commisural fibers to all parts of brain except

A

somatosensory and motor hand

parts of primary visual cortex

66
Q

Disconections syndroms result from

A

white matter damage

write but unable to read

SP16 Anatomy Exam 3 (16 decks)

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