L5 Flashcards
(87 cards)
define metabolism
sum of all chemical reactions in a cell
__ involve the transfer of electrons from an e- donor molecule to an e- acceptor, reduction = e- accepted, oxidation = e- donated, most biological oxidations involve loss of H atoms, they are also called dehydrations
redox reactions
__ synthesize larger products from smaller molecules, require ATP
anabolism
__ break larger products into smaller molecules, release ATP
catabolism
__ sequence of chemical reactions
metabolic pathways
__ flavin adenine dinucleotide
FAD+
__, __, __ all are election carrier molecules used to synthesize ATP
NAD+, NADP+, FAD+
__ nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
NADP+
__ nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
NAD+
In ATP production: Cells __ ADP to make __
phosphorylate; ATP
What is substrate level phosphorylation
part of ATP production; transfer from organic compound to ATP
describe oxidative phosphorylation
respiration, electrons transferred to electron carriers NAD+ and FAD
What uses light energy to make ATP?
photophosphorylation
Enzyme collision theory states that all __ are continuously moving and colliding, the energy transferred by the __ in the collision can __ the electron structures enough to break __ and form __.
atoms; particles; disrupt; chemical bonds; new ones
define substrate
the substance an enzyme acts on
organic catalysts that increase the likelihood of rxn w/o being permanently changed in the process, names end in -ase
classes of enzymes
transfer functional groups, anabolic
transferases
catabolize molecules be adding water in decomposition, hydrolysis
hydrolases
split large molecule w/o using water in process
lyases
rearrange atoms - do no add or remove anything
isomerases
join molecules together, anabolic
ligases/polymerases
What is an apoenyzme?
protein portion that inactive if not bound to nonprotein cofactor
Give 4 examples of cofactors.
Fe, Mg, Zn, Cu, (inorganic ions)
__ vitamins or contains vitamins - required for metabolism but cannot be synthesized
coenzyme