L31.32

Question 1

What percent of fluid is going to be filtered

Answer 1

20 percent

Question 2

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors act on

Answer 2

proximal convoluted tubule

Question 3

Carbonic anhydrase facilitates (NOT THE INHIBITOR)

Net effect

Answer 3

Na reabsorption
Net effect:
-Urine: increase H+
-Blood: increase HCO3-

Question 4

Osmotic diuretics effects

Answer 4

proximal tubule

Increase osmolarity of blood and renal filtrate and inhibit resorption of water and sodium

Question 5

Loop diuretics act on

Answer 5

asending loop of henle

Question 6

Loop diuretics are used on patients with

Answer 6

hypertension, edema from heart failure or renal insufficiency

Question 7

Loop diuretic mechanism

Answer 7

Excreted into lumen
Inhibits Na, K, 2Cl symporter which increase excretion of Na, K, Cl
Osmotic gradient decreased leading to increased water excretion
Ca and Mg excreted as well

Question 8

Percent of sodium filtered

Answer 8

70 percent in proximal
25 percent in thick ascending
5 percent in distal convoluted

Question 9

Thiazide diuretic location

Answer 9

Secreted by proximal tubules but works in distal convoluted tubule

Question 10

Thiazide mechanism

Answer 10

inhibit Na-Cl symporter from lumen to tubular cells leading to increase Na-Cl excretion

Question 11

Thiazide efficacy

Answer 11

low to moderate

Question 12

K sparing diuretics act on

Answer 12

Cortical collecting tube

Question 13

K sparing diuretics use

Answer 13

used together in treatment of hypertension and management of congestive heart failure

Question 14

K sparing diuretics mechanism

Answer 14

Compete with aldosterone or block sodium channels (ENaC)

Normally Na is absorbed and K is pumped out

Question 15

Mean arterial blood pressure

Answer 15

Cardiac output X Total peripheral resistance

CO=SV x HR

Question 16

Baroreceptors send BP info to the

Answer 16

Medula

Question 17

Cells that secrete renin

Answer 17

juxtoglomerular cells

Question 18

Renin mechanism

Answer 18

Renin converts angiotensinogen(liver) into angiotensin I

Angiotensin converting enzyme(lungs) converts it into Angiotensin II

Question 19

Sympathoplegic agents
What do they do
Mechanism

Answer 19

lower BP by reducing peripheral vascular resistance and diminishing CO

• Reduce epi release
• block adrenoreceptors
• activate alpha2 receptors
• block beta1 receptors
• -reduce renin and CO
• block alpha1 receptors
• -block vasoconstriction (still need diuretic)

Question 20

Preferred for patients with mild to moderate hypertension and normal renal and cardiac function

Answer 20

Thiazide diuretics

Question 21

Direct vasodilators

Answer 21

NO
Reduce Ca influx (L type channels)
Open K channels
Activate dopamine receptors (D1)

Question 22

Effects of ACE inhibitors

Answer 22

Decrease BP by
-Decrease peripheral vascular resistance
-Prevent degradation of bradykinin
-CO and HR not affected
Stabilize Kidney function

Question 23

Competitive antagonists of angiotensin vs ace inhibitors

Answer 23

more selective because dont affect bradykinin metabolism